{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:42:02Z","timestamp":1791895322702,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]],"date-time":"2025-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Funds of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82174229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82174229"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"China National Key Research and Development Program","award":["2022YFC3502000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3502000"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai S&T Innovation Plan","award":["17401970900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17401970900"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the efficacy and safety of various treatment regimens for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) across oral, intravenous, and intranasal routes to inform clinical guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A systematic review identified randomized controlled trials on TRD, with efficacy measured by changes in the Montgomery\u2013\u00c5sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). We developed pharmacodynamic and covariate models for different administration routes, using Monte Carlo simulations to estimate efficacy distribution. Dropout and adverse event\u2013related dropout rates were analyzed via single-arm meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Involving 22 studies with 56 treatment arms and 3059 patients, our findings suggest combination therapies outperform monotherapy, achieving an additional 6.5% reduction in MADRS scores over 12 weeks. The most effective combinations were olanzapine with fluoxetine and quetiapine with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors\/ selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. Injectable treatments, particularly ayahuasca, produced rapid effects, with a 77% reduction in MADRS scores at 15 days. Intranasal treatments reached efficacy sooner than oral ones, with 28-day efficacy similar to the 12-week efficacy of the olanzapine\u2013fluoxetine combination. Dropout rates due to adverse events were similar across methods (4.5%\u20135.2%), but total dropouts were highest for oral (17.9%) and lowest for intranasal routes (10.6%). Additionally, there was considerable variation in the incidence of headache, dizziness, and nausea across different administration routes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The quantitative evaluation of 22 TRD treatments illuminates key pharmacodynamic parameters, bolstering the development of clinical guidelines and aiding the design of clinical trials and medical decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyaf007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]],"date-time":"2025-01-25T14:15:17Z","timestamp":1737814517000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Quantitative evaluation of multiple treatment regimens for treatment-resistant depression"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Yulin","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinghua","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junchao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jihan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyuan","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingshan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2923-3206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lujin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai,","place":["China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0001","year":"2023"},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0002","first-page":"1700","article-title":"GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators.\u00a0Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"398","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0003","author":"Food and Drug Administration","year":"2018","journal-title":"Major depressive disorder: developing drugs for treatment"},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0004","author":"Agency","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical Investigation of Medicinal Products in the Treatment of Depression \u2013 Scientific Guideline"},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881115581093","article-title":"Evidence-based guidelines for treating depressive disorders with antidepressants: a revision of the 2008 British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines","volume":"29","author":"Cleare","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.12740\/PP\/OnlineFirst\/115208","article-title":"Treatment-resistant depression\u2014recommendations of the National Consultant in the field of psychiatry","volume":"55","author":"Ga\u0142ecki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatr Pol."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1708\/3922.39072","article-title":"[Treatment-resistant depression. From classification to new therapies.]","volume":"57","author":"Paganin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Riv Psichiatr"},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.03.028","article-title":"Relative effectiveness of tricyclic antidepressant versus monoamine oxidase inhibitor monotherapy for treatment-resistant depression","volume":"250","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.06.011","article-title":"MAOI efficacy and safety in advanced stage treatment-resistant depression\u2014a retrospective study","volume":"89","author":"Amsterdam","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11030480","article-title":"Treatment-resistant depression in Poland\u2014epidemiology and treatment","volume":"11","author":"Ga\u0142ecki","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-3458.2001.tb00198.x","article-title":"A review of the pharmacological and clinical profile of mirtazapine","volume":"7","author":"Anttila","year":"2001","journal-title":"CNS Drug Rev."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2707","article-title":"Safety and effectiveness of NMDA receptor antagonists for depression: a multidisciplinary review","volume":"42","author":"Moore","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3928\/02793695-20210816-01","article-title":"Treatment-resistant depression: approaches to treatment","volume":"59","author":"Kverno","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.3739","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of intranasal esketamine adjunctive to oral antidepressant therapy in treatment-resistant depression: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"75","author":"Daly","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.19020172","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of flexibly dosed Esketamine nasal spray combined with a newly initiated oral antidepressant in treatment-resistant depression: a randomized double-blind active-controlled study","volume":"176","author":"Popova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyz039","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of fixed-dose esketamine nasal spray combined with a new oral antidepressant in treatment-resistant depression: results of a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled study (TRANSFORM-1)","volume":"22","author":"Fedgchin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0017","volume-title":"Ketamine plus lithium in treatment-resistant depression","author":"Murrough"},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2016.1142607","article-title":"Ninety-six hour ketamine infusion with co-administered clonidine for treatment-resistant depression: a pilot randomised controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Lenze","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0019","volume-title":"Comparing quetiapine XR monotherapy and augmentation with lithium augmentation in TRD patients (RUBY)","author":"Zeneca"},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0020","volume-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of riluzole in treatment resistant depression","author":"University"},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2011.242","article-title":"Model-based meta-analysis for comparative efficacy and safety: application in drug development and beyond","volume":"90","author":"Mandema","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1002\/psp4.12041","article-title":"The many flavors of model-based meta-analysis: part I\u2014introduction and landmark data","volume":"5","author":"Boucher","year":"2016","journal-title":"CPT Pharmacometr Syst Pharmacol."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.12.2163","article-title":"The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale: has the gold standard become a lead weight","volume":"161","author":"Bagby","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01364-0","article-title":"Do side effects of antidepressants impact efficacy estimates based on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale? A pooled patient-level analysis","volume":"11","author":"Hieronymus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/psp4.12161","article-title":"Model evaluation of continuous data pharmacometric models: metrics and graphics","volume":"6","author":"Nguyen","year":"2017","journal-title":"CPT Pharmacometr Syst Pharmacol."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1159\/000477313","article-title":"Antipsychotic-induced dopamine supersensitivity psychosis: pharmacology, criteria, and therapy","volume":"86","author":"Chouinard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.8.9.1299","article-title":"Olanzapine\/fluoxetine combination for treatment-resistant depression: efficacy and clinical utility","volume":"8","author":"Dodd","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.10.44","article-title":"Efficacy, safety and tolerability of Symbyax for acute-phase management of treatment-resistant depression","volume":"10","author":"Bobo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(01)00111-0","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability in schizophrenia","volume":"11","author":"Kasper","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2985","DOI":"10.2174\/138161206777947650","article-title":"Efficacy and mechanisms of action of lithium augmentation in refractory major depression","volume":"12","author":"Bschor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811221089042","article-title":"Patient perspectives of lithium and quetiapine augmentation treatment in treatment-resistant depression: a qualitative assessment","volume":"36","author":"McKeown","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00436-8","article-title":"Antidepressant augmentation with metyrapone for treatment-resistant depression (the ADD study): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"3","author":"McAllister-Williams","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13070","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222313070","article-title":"Augmentative pharmacological strategies in treatment-resistant major depression: a comprehensive review","volume":"22","author":"Caldiroli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2023.2281582","article-title":"Psychedelics for treatment resistant depression: are they game changers","volume":"24","author":"Kalfas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2016.03.002","article-title":"Ayahuasca: pharmacology, neuroscience and therapeutic potential","volume":"126","author":"Dom\u00ednguez-Clav\u00e9","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2021_277","article-title":"Ayahuasca for the treatment of depression","volume":"56","author":"Palhano-Fontes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Top Behav Neurosci."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.255","article-title":"Mechanisms of ketamine action as an antidepressant","volume":"23","author":"Zanos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.04.001","article-title":"Lithium counteracts depressive behavior and augments the treatment effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in treatment-resistant depressed rats","volume":"1717","author":"Kin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.01.017","article-title":"Ketamine for the treatment of addiction: evidence and potential mechanisms","volume":"142","author":"Ivan Ezquerra-Romano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-023-01026-3","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of esketamine nasal spray in patients with treatment-resistant depression who completed a second induction period: analysis of the ongoing SUSTAIN-3 Study","volume":"37","author":"Castro","year":"2023","journal-title":"CNS Drugs."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.19796","article-title":"Esketamine more effective than quetiapine for hard-to-treat depression","volume":"330","author":"Harris","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2304145","article-title":"Esketamine nasal spray versus quetiapine for treatment-resistant depression","volume":"389","author":"Reif","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1714-9097","article-title":"Novel antidepressants in the pipeline (Phase II and III): a systematic review of the US Clinical Trials Registry","volume":"55","author":"Sakurai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-021-03216-8","article-title":"Use of ketamine and esketamine for depression: an overview of systematic reviews with meta-analyses","volume":"78","author":"Lima","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000246212.03530.fd","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of augmentation with an extended release formulation of methylphenidate in outpatients with treatment-resistant depression","volume":"26","author":"Patkar","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-200302000-00013","article-title":"Lithium augmentation of nortriptyline for subjects resistant to multiple antidepressants","volume":"23","author":"Nierenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e31822bb0db","article-title":"Adjunctive low-dose aripiprazole with standard-dose sertraline in treating fresh major depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study","volume":"31","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820170065008","article-title":"A placebo-controlled comparison of lithium and triiodothyronine augmentation of tricyclic antidepressants in unipolar refractory depression","volume":"50","author":"Joffe","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881117724352","article-title":"Minocycline as an adjunct for treatment-resistant depressive symptoms: a pilot randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Husain","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145712000910","article-title":"A randomized add-on trial of high-dose D-cycloserine for treatment-resistant depression","volume":"16","author":"Heresco-Levy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02246301","article-title":"Combined SSRI-RIMA treatment in refractory depression. Safety data and efficacy","volume":"119","author":"Ebert","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718001356","article-title":"Rapid antidepressant effects of the psychedelic ayahuasca in treatment-resistant depression: a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"49","author":"Palhano-Fontes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0256-5","article-title":"Double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial of intravenous ketamine as adjunctive therapy in treatment-resistant depression (TRD)","volume":"25","author":"Fava","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry."},{"key":"2025030421454256100_CIT0055","volume-title":"A study of brexpiprazole plus ketamine in treatment-resistant depression (TRD","author":"Fava"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijnp\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ijnp\/pyaf007\/61625348\/pyaf007.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijnp\/article-pdf\/28\/2\/pyaf007\/61625348\/pyaf007.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijnp\/article-pdf\/28\/2\/pyaf007\/61625348\/pyaf007.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T21:50:04Z","timestamp":1741125004000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijnp\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ijnp\/pyaf007\/7979185"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ijnp\/pyaf007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1461-1457","1469-5111"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1461-1457","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-5111","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]]},"article-number":"pyaf007"}}