{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T04:36:20Z","timestamp":1780979780637,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP16dk0307060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP16dk0307060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP19dk0307083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19dk0307083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP22dk0307112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22dk0307112"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP21K17261"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21K17261"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP23K16273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23K16273"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Health and Labor Sciences Research Grants","award":["H29-Seishin-Ippan-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H29-Seishin-Ippan-001"]}]},{"name":"Health and Labor Sciences Research Grants","award":["19GC1012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19GC1012"]}]},{"name":"Japanese Society of Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"name":"Japanese Society of Mood Disorders"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009048","name":"Japanese Society of Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background and hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The rate of antipsychotic polypharmacy is high. One risk factor for antipsychotic polypharmacy may be the severity of schizophrenia, including treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). We hypothesized that the institutions that are able to prescribe clozapine present differences in pharmacological treatment even before TRS is diagnosed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 8155 patients with schizophrenia were divided into the clozapine-available institution (CAI) group and the clozapine-unavailable institution (CUI) group. The psychotropic prescription rates at discharge were compared between the two groups. Furthermore, to investigate whether the diagnosis of TRS subgroups influenced treatment efficacy, we compared CAIs and CUIs with descriptions of subgroups with TRS (DSTRS) and those without descriptions of subgroups with TRS (NDSTRS).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Compared to the CUI group, the rates of both antipsychotic monotherapy (58.3% vs. 50.7%; P\u2005=\u20052.4\u2005\u00d7\u200510\u22127) and antipsychotic monotherapy without the concomitant use of other psychotropics (20.4% vs. 15.6%; P\u2005=\u20053.8\u2005\u00d7\u200510\u22125) were significantly higher in the CAI group. The rate of antipsychotic monotherapy in the CAI with DSTRS group (63.3%) was significantly higher than that in the CAI with NDSTRS group (54.5%; P\u2005=\u20051.4\u2005\u00d7\u200510\u221212), the CUI with DSTRS group (49.6%; P\u2005=\u20054.9\u2005\u00d7\u200510\u22129), and the CUI with NDSTRS group (50.9%; P\u2005=\u20052.0\u2005\u00d7\u200510\u22128). The rate of antipsychotic monotherapy without the concomitant use of other psychotropics in the CAI with DSTRS group (22.6%) was also significantly higher than that in the CAI with NDSTRS group (18.7%; P\u2005=\u20054.7\u2005\u00d7\u200510\u22124), the CUI with DSTRS group (15.9%; P\u2005=\u20055.5\u2005\u00d7\u200510\u22124), and the CUI with NDSTRS group (15.2%; P\u2005=\u20058.0\u2005\u00d7\u200510\u22125). There was no significant difference in these rates between the other groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Both the availability of clozapine prescriptions and the precise diagnosis of TRS subgroups at discharge can promote the development of an organizational culture that facilitates the treatment of patients with schizophrenia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyaf011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T10:04:06Z","timestamp":1744365846000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Associations between clozapine availability, the diagnosis of treatment-resistant schizophrenia subgroups, antipsychotic monotherapy, and concomitant psychotropics among patients with schizophrenia: a real-world nationwide study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2263-3477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinichiro","family":"Ochi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine , Ehime,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumitoshi","family":"Kodaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry , Tokyo,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Tsuboi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9577-9640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazutaka","family":"Ohi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine , Gifu,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shun","family":"Igarashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry , Tokyo,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry , Tokyo,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Fukumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University , Iwate,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4409-3096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun-ichi","family":"Iga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine , Ehime,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Muraoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Kitasato University School of Medicine , Kanagawa,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Iida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University , Fukuoka,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Tagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University Faculty of Medicine , Tokyo,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Kashiwagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry , Tokyo,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shusuke","family":"Numata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University , Tokushima,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirotaka","family":"Yamagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry , Tokyo,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Kokoro Hospital Machida , Tokyo,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Takeshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine , Akita,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayo","family":"Ichihashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Tokyo Hospital , Tokyo,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine , Hokkaido,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Nagasawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University , Ishikawa,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshinori","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Shinshu University School of Medicine , Nagano,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junya","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry , Tokyo,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry , Tokyo,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hyogo Medical University , Hyogo,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hikaru","family":"Hori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University , Fukuoka,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-ichi","family":"Ueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine , Ehime,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Inada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Kitasato University School of Medicine , Kanagawa,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryota","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry , Tokyo,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norio","family":"Yasui-Furukori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine , Tochigi,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000092","article-title":"The longitudinal course of schizophrenia across the lifespan","volume":"24","author":"Heilbronner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Harv Rev Psychiatry."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1002\/npr2.12193","article-title":"Japanese Society of Neuropsychopharmacology: \u201cGuideline for Pharmacological Therapy of Schizophrenia.\u201d","volume":"41","author":"Japanese Society of Neuropsychopharmacology","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol Rep."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867416641195","article-title":"Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the management of schizophrenia and related disorders","volume":"50","author":"Galletly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743717720448","article-title":"Guidelines for the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia in adults","volume":"62","author":"Remington","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881119889296","article-title":"Evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia: updated recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology","volume":"34","author":"Barnes","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.177901","article-title":"The American Psychiatric Association Practice Guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia","volume":"177","author":"Keepers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18com12123","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.18com12123","article-title":"Clinical guidance on the identification and management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia","volume":"80","author":"Kane","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-022-00932-2","article-title":"A guideline and checklist for initiating and managing clozapine treatment in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia","volume":"36","author":"Correll","year":"2022","journal-title":"CNS Drugs."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2019.107704","article-title":"Antipsychotics: mechanisms underlying clinical response and side-effects and novel treatment approaches based on pathophysiology","volume":"172","author":"Kaar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaa156","article-title":"Changes in brain glutamate on switching to clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia","volume":"47","author":"McQueen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.177261","article-title":"Clozapine v. first- and second-generation antipsychotics in treatment-refractory schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"209","author":"Siskind","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-019-0577-3","article-title":"Heterogeneity and efficacy of antipsychotic treatment for schizophrenia with or without treatment resistance: a meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Mizuno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01613-2","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of clozapine in psychotic disorders\u2014a systematic quantitative meta-review","volume":"11","author":"Wagner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12742","article-title":"International trends in clozapine use: a study in 17 countries","volume":"136","author":"Bachmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.056","article-title":"Clozapine prescription pattern in patients with schizophrenia in Asia: the REAP survey (2016)","volume":"287","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1080\/08039488.2022.2160878","article-title":"Antipsychotic prescribing practices for outpatients with schizophrenia and reasons for non-clozapine treatment\u2014data from a Danish quality assessment audit","volume":"77","author":"Jakobsen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nord J Psychiatry."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201700162","article-title":"Addressing barriers to clozapine underutilization: a national effort","volume":"69","author":"Kelly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1192\/bjb.2018.67","article-title":"Barriers to using clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Farooq","year":"2019","journal-title":"BJPsych Bull."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"MY20096AH1C","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.MY20096AH1C","article-title":"Treatment-resistant schizophrenia: definition, predictors, and therapy options","volume":"82","author":"Correll","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12898","article-title":"Meta-analysis examining the epidemiology of clozapine-associated neutropenia","volume":"138","author":"Myles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1625-6388","article-title":"An international adult guideline for making clozapine titration safer by using six ancestry-based personalized dosing titrations, CRP, and clozapine levels","volume":"55","author":"de Leon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-016-0311-1","article-title":"Worldwide differences in regulations of clozapine use","volume":"30","author":"Nielsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"CNS Drugs."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000000904","article-title":"Analysis of clozapine use and safety by using comprehensive national data from the Japanese Clozapine Patient Monitoring Service","volume":"38","author":"Inada","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12676","article-title":"Polypharmacy and psychotropic drug loading in patients with schizophrenia in Asian countries: Fourth Survey of Research on Asian Prescription Patterns on Antipsychotics","volume":"72","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyz037","article-title":"Psychopharmacological treatment of schizophrenia over time in 30\u2005908 inpatients: data from the AMSP study","volume":"22","author":"Toto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyab046","article-title":"Antipsychotic polypharmacy among patients with schizophrenia in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Ayenew","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13384","article-title":"Polypharmacy in schizophrenia","volume":"126","author":"Baandrup","year":"2020","journal-title":"Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyac036","article-title":"Clozapine treatment is associated with higher prescription rate of antipsychotic monotherapy and lower prescription rate of other concomitant psychotropics: a real-world nationwide study","volume":"25","author":"Ochi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102744","article-title":"Characteristics of discharge prescriptions for patients with schizophrenia or major depressive disorder: real-world evidence from the Effectiveness of Guidelines for Dissemination and Education (EGUIDE) psychiatric treatment project","volume":"63","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatry."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103007","article-title":"The characteristics of patients receiving psychotropic pro re nata medication at discharge for the treatment of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder: a nationwide survey from the EGUIDE project","volume":"69","author":"Ichihashi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatry."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-022-00429-8","article-title":"The characteristics of discharge prescriptions including pro re nata psychotropic medications for patients with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder from the survey of the \u201cEffectiveness of Guidelines for Dissemination and Education in Psychiatric Treatment (EGUIDE)\u201d project","volume":"21","author":"Kyou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Gen Psychiatry."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000001604","article-title":"Second-generation antipsychotic monotherapy contributes to the discontinuation of anticholinergic drugs in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia","volume":"42","author":"Okada","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-04908-4","article-title":"Change of prescription for patients with schizophrenia or major depressive disorder during admission: real-world prescribing surveys from the effectiveness of guidelines for dissemination and education psychiatric treatment project","volume":"23","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000001704","article-title":"Combination psychotropic use for schizophrenia with long-acting injectable antipsychotics and oral antipsychotics","volume":"43","author":"Onitsuka","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1002\/npr2.12122","article-title":"Prescription patterns in patients with schizophrenia in Japan: First-quality indicator data from the survey of \u201cEffectiveness of Guidelines for Dissemination and Education in psychiatric treatment (EGUIDE)\u201d project","volume":"40","author":"Ichihashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol Rep."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823826","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.823826","article-title":"Prescription of anticholinergic drugs in patients with schizophrenia: analysis of antipsychotic prescription patterns and hospital characteristics","volume":"13","author":"Hori","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.11.004","article-title":"ACC\/AHA special report: clinical practice guideline implementation strategies: a summary of systematic reviews by the NHLBI Implementation Science Work Group A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"69","author":"Chan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s12961-022-00815-4","article-title":"Strategies for the implementation of clinical practice guidelines in public health: an overview of systematic reviews","volume":"20","author":"Pereira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Res Policy Syst."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/npr2.12218","article-title":"Association between the examination rate of treatment-resistant schizophrenia and the clozapine prescription rate in a nationwide dissemination and implementation study","volume":"42","author":"Yasui-Furukori","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol Rep."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.11.005","article-title":"Hypotic medication use among inpatients with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder: results of a nationwide study","volume":"89","author":"Furihata","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","edition":"5th ed"},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12275","article-title":"Psychotropic dose equivalence in Japan","volume":"69","author":"Inada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0043","first-page":"1475","article-title":"Dose equivalence of psychotropic drugs. Part XXV: dose equivalence of novel antipsychotics IV: aripiprazole once-monthly","volume":"18","author":"Inagaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0044","first-page":"89","article-title":"Dose equivalence of psychotropic drugs. Part XXVI: dose equivalence of novel antipsychotics: asenapine","volume":"20","author":"Inagaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0045","first-page":"547","article-title":"Dose equivalence of psychotropic drugs. Part XXVII: dose equivalence of novel antidepressants II. Venlafaxine","volume":"21","author":"Inagaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0046","first-page":"91","article-title":"Dose equivalence of psychotropic drugs. Part XXVI: dose equivalence of novel antipsychotics: brexpiprazole","volume":"25","author":"Inagaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2012.244","article-title":"Investigation of the freely available easy-to-use software \u201cEZR\u201d for medical statistics","volume":"48","author":"Kanda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.01.164","article-title":"Factors influencing the implementation of guideline-recommended practices for postconcussive sleep disturbance and headache in the Veterans Health Administration: a mixed methods study","volume":"103","author":"Kinney","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2020.0376","article-title":"Clozapine is better tolerated in younger patients: risk factors for discontinuation from a nationwide database in Japan","volume":"18","author":"Toyoda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e83","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2022.44","article-title":"A dissemination and education programme to improve the clinical behaviours of psychiatrists in accordance with treatment guidelines for schizophrenia and major depressive disorders: the Effectiveness of Guidelines for Dissemination and Education in Psychiatric Treatment (EGUIDE) project","volume":"8","author":"Yamada","year":"2022","journal-title":"BJPsych Open."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13578","article-title":"Effect of education regarding treatment guidelines for schizophrenia and depression on the treatment behavior of psychiatrists: a multicenter study","volume":"77","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psycom.2024.100158","article-title":"Effect of the guideline education program on anticholinergic and benzodiazepine use in outpatients with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder: the Effectiveness of Guidelines for Dissemination and Education in psychiatric treatment (EGUIDE) project","volume":"4","author":"Yamagata","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res Commun."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7262.694","article-title":"Framework for design and evaluation of complex interventions to improve health","volume":"321","author":"Campbell","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170700147X","article-title":"The DEBIT trial: an intervention to reduce antipsychotic polypharmacy prescribing in adult psychiatry wards \u2013 a cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"38","author":"Thompson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-010-0319-7","article-title":"Outcomes for implementation research: conceptual distinctions, measurement challenges, and research agenda","volume":"38","author":"Proctor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adm Policy Ment Health."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.179093","article-title":"The evidence\u2013practice gap in specialist mental healthcare: systematic review and meta-analysis of guideline implementation studies","volume":"210","author":"Girlanda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104047","article-title":"Changes in psychopharmacotherapy for patients with schizophrenia in a psychiatric institution in Japan: a 12-year prescription survey pre- and post-introduction of clozapine","volume":"96","author":"Kitagawa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatry."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.20220446","article-title":"Safety of antipsychotic polypharmacy versus monotherapy in a nationwide cohort of 61\u2005889 patients with schizophrenia","volume":"180","author":"Taipale","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbab062","article-title":"Risk factors, incidence, and outcomes of neuroleptic malignant syndrome on long-acting injectable vs oral antipsychotics in a Nationwide Schizophrenia Cohort","volume":"47","author":"Guinart","year":"2021","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull."},{"key":"2025041110032257700_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.15050618","article-title":"Mortality and cumulative exposure to antipsychotics, antidepressants, and benzodiazepines in patients with schizophrenia: an observational follow-up study","volume":"173","author":"Tiihonen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijnp\/article-pdf\/28\/4\/pyaf011\/62788770\/pyaf011.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijnp\/article-pdf\/28\/4\/pyaf011\/62788770\/pyaf011.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T10:04:09Z","timestamp":1744365849000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijnp\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ijnp\/pyaf011\/8098557"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ijnp\/pyaf011","relation":{},"ISSN":["1461-1457","1469-5111"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1461-1457","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-5111","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"article-number":"pyaf011"}}