{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T09:12:10Z","timestamp":1773393130330,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AA025215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AA025215"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AA026272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AA026272"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R41AA029025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R41AA029025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UH2AA026106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH2AA026106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Scott-Gentle Foundation"},{"name":"National Institutes of Health, District of Columbia Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center award program","award":["1U54HD090257-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U54HD090257-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) show a myriad of cognitive and neurological deficits, with the prevalence estimated to be 1% to 5 % in children. To date, there are no effective treatments for these deficits in FASD. In a mouse model of FASD, daily intraperitoneal administration of a potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 2 (KCNN2) blocking peptide has been shown to improve motor learning deficits due to upregulation of KCNN2 channels. This study investigates whether intranasal administration of a KCNN2 blocking peptide, Leiurotoxin-1 Dab7 (Lei-Dab7), can improve cognitive flexibility, specifically reversal learning deficits, in these mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We utilized a mouse model of prenatal alcohol exposure. Cognitive flexibility was assessed using the water T-maze test at postnatal day 40. Lei-Dab7\u2019s specificity and cytotoxicity were evaluated in vitro, and intranasal delivery efficiency was confirmed through immunohistochemistry, quantifying its distribution and binding to neurons with elevated KCNN2 expression in the prefrontal cortex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lei-Dab7 showed high specificity and negligible cytotoxicity in vitro. Intranasal administration efficiently delivered Lei-Dab7 to the prefrontal cortex, where it specifically bound to neurons expressing increased KCNN2 channels. Behavioral tests demonstrated that Lei-Dab7 significantly improved cognitive flexibility, reversing the deficits in the water T-maze test seen in ethanol-exposed mice, without apparent acute physiological adverse effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intranasal administration of KCNN2 blockers, such as Lei-Dab7, represents a promising, non-invasive therapeutic approach for treating cognitive inflexibility and possibly other cognitive dysfunctions associated with FASD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyaf055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T12:05:02Z","timestamp":1754654702000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Intranasal Administration of KCNN2 Blocking Peptide Improves Deficits in Cognitive Flexibility in Mouse Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Shahid","family":"Mohammad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience Research, Children\u2019s Research Institute, Children\u2019s National Hospital , Washington, DC ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience Research, Children\u2019s Research Institute, Children\u2019s National Hospital , Washington, DC ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Torii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience Research, Children\u2019s Research Institute, Children\u2019s National Hospital , Washington, DC ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University , Washington, DC ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4001-8259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazue","family":"Hashimoto-Torii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience Research, Children\u2019s Research Institute, Children\u2019s National Hospital , Washington, DC ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University , Washington, DC ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858410383336","article-title":"Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and abnormal neuronal plasticity","volume":"17","author":"Medina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscientist."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.07.018","article-title":"Effects of sex and housing on social, spatial, and motor behavior in adult rats exposed to moderate levels of alcohol during prenatal development","volume":"313","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1418.016","article-title":"Prenatal alcohol exposure increases vulnerability to stress and anxiety-like disorders in adulthood","volume":"1144","author":"Hellemans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1159\/000499183","article-title":"Functional connectivity and metabolic alterations in medial prefrontal cortex in a rat model of Fetal alcohol Spectrum disorder: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study","volume":"41","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev Neurosci."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112885","article-title":"Characterization of motor function in mice developmentally exposed to ethanol using the catwalk system: comparison with the triple horizontal bar and rotarod tests","volume":"396","author":"Jacquez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.05.004","article-title":"Acute alcohol exposure during neurulation: Behavioral and brain structural consequences in adolescent C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"311","author":"Fish","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13114","article-title":"Alcohol-induced developmental origins of adult-onset diseases","volume":"40","author":"Lunde","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1998.tb03651.x","article-title":"A review of the neurobehavioral deficits in children with fetal alcohol syndrome or prenatal exposure to alcohol","volume":"22","author":"Mattson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1998.tb03658.x","article-title":"A review of the neuroanatomical findings in children with fetal alcohol syndrome or prenatal exposure to alcohol","volume":"22","author":"Roebuck","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref10","first-page":"153","article-title":"Alcohol-related birth defects--the past, present, and future","volume":"25","author":"Warren","year":"2001","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1002\/ddrr.68","article-title":"Prevalence and epidemiologic characteristics of FASD from various research methods with an emphasis on recent in-school studies","volume":"15","author":"May","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev Dis Res Rev."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.21896","article-title":"Prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in 4 US communities","volume":"319","author":"May","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-4256","article-title":"Updated clinical guidelines for diagnosing Fetal alcohol Spectrum disorders","volume":"138","author":"Hoyme","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00188.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of FASD in a province in Italy: prevalence and characteristics of children in a random sample of schools","volume":"30","author":"May","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12219","article-title":"FASD prevalence among schoolchildren in Poland","volume":"30","author":"Okulicz-Kozaryn","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Appl Res Intellect Disabil."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743718773706","article-title":"Fetal alcohol Spectrum disorders (FASD): a policy perspective","volume":"64","author":"Jonsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatr."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-0592-z","article-title":"Kcnn2 blockade reverses learning deficits in a mouse model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders","volume":"23","author":"Mohammad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-01789-1","article-title":"Activation of the anterior cingulate cortex ameliorates anxiety in a preclinical model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders","volume":"12","author":"Hwang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3364","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-024-02586-6","article-title":"Reduction of APOE accounts for neurobehavioral deficits in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders","volume":"29","author":"Hwang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46101","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M206465200","article-title":"Tamapin, a venom peptide from the Indian red scorpion (Mesobuthus tamulus) that targets small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels and afterhyperpolarization currents in central neurons","volume":"277","author":"Pedarzani","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.06.023","article-title":"UBE3A regulates synaptic plasticity and learning and memory by controlling SK2 channel endocytosis","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2012.04.002","article-title":"Ampakines promote spine actin polymerization, long-term potentiation, and learning in a mouse model of Angelman syndrome","volume":"47","author":"Baudry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145714000236","article-title":"SK channel blockade reverses cognitive and motor deficits induced by nigrostriatal dopamine lesions in rats","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.2013.823161","article-title":"The therapeutic potential of small-conductance KCa2 channels in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases","volume":"17","author":"Lam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Targets."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219635205000884","article-title":"Differential effects of two blockers of small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels, apamin and lei-Dab7, on learning and memory in rats","volume":"4","author":"Mpari","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Integr Neurosci."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.05.019","article-title":"Small-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels: heterogeneous affinity in rat brain structures and cognitive modulation by specific blockers","volume":"589","author":"Mpari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref27","first-page":"14","article-title":"Venom peptides and their mimetics as potential drugs","volume":"19","author":"Bogin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Modulator."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-015-9719-7","article-title":"Intranasal delivery of proteins and peptides in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"17","author":"Meredith","year":"2015","journal-title":"AAPS J."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-020-00891-5","article-title":"Intranasal drug delivery: opportunities and toxicologic challenges during drug development","volume":"12","author":"Keller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Deliv Transl Res."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20953","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1312857110","article-title":"Oxytocin enhances brain function in children with autism","volume":"110","author":"Gordon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.03.016","article-title":"Effects of intranasal insulin on cognition in memory-impaired older adults: modulation by APOE genotype","volume":"27","author":"Reger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-020-00781-x","article-title":"Intranasal insulin for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"35","author":"Hallschmid","year":"2021","journal-title":"CNS Drugs."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-020-0313-1","article-title":"Behavioral effects of multiple-dose oxytocin treatment in autism: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial with long-term follow-up","volume":"11","author":"Bernaerts","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Autism."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12986","article-title":"Functional interaction of junctophilin 2 with small- conductance Ca(2+) -activated potassium channel subtype 2(SK2) in mouse cardiac myocytes","volume":"222","author":"Fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Physiol (Oxf)."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2304074120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2304074120","article-title":"Alternative splicing events as peripheral biomarkers for motor learning deficit caused by adverse prenatal environments","volume":"120","author":"Dutta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2209-4","article-title":"Infant maternal separation impairs adult cognitive performance in BALB\/cJ mice","volume":"216","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/s0014-5793(00)01236-9","article-title":"SK2 encodes the apamin-sensitive Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels in the human leukemic T cell line, Jurkat","volume":"469","author":"Jager","year":"2000","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1021\/tx4004193","article-title":"Cytotoxicity of recombinant tamapin and related toxin-like peptides on model cell lines","volume":"27","author":"Ramirez-Cordero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/wcs.1202","article-title":"Cognitive aspects of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder","volume":"4","author":"Davis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1097\/01.alc.0000175040.91007.d0","article-title":"Executive functioning and working memory in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder","volume":"29","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(95)00096-8","article-title":"Spatial locations gone awry: object and spatial memory deficits in children with fetal alcohol syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Uecker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1080\/09297049.2014.933792","article-title":"Executive functioning deficits in preschool children with Fetal alcohol Spectrum disorders","volume":"21","author":"Fuglestad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychol."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11394","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2359-16.2016","article-title":"Neural stem cells to cerebral cortex: emerging mechanisms regulating progenitor behavior and productivity","volume":"36","author":"Dwyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0127264","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127264","article-title":"Small-conductance Ca2+-activated potassium type 2 channels regulate the formation of contextual fear memory","volume":"10","author":"Murthy","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4106-05.2006","article-title":"Small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel type 2 (SK2) modulates hippocampal learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity","volume":"26","author":"Hammond","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s11689-020-09339-w","article-title":"Long-term spatial tracking of cells affected by environmental insults","volume":"12","author":"Mohammad","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurodev Disord."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.10.066","article-title":"Cortico-limbic-striatal contribution after response and reversal learning: a metabolic mapping study","volume":"1368","author":"Fidalgo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.02.017","article-title":"Selective lesions of the dorsomedial striatum impair serial spatial reversal learning in rats","volume":"210","author":"Castane","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.03.021","article-title":"The neural basis of reversal learning: an updated perspective","volume":"345","author":"Izquierdo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43145","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M106981200","article-title":"Design and characterization of a highly selective peptide inhibitor of the small conductance calcium-activated K+ channel, SkCa2","volume":"276","author":"Shakkottai","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2962","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12577","article-title":"Prenatal ethanol exposure impairs executive function in mice into adulthood","volume":"38","author":"Marquardt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2008.05.004","article-title":"Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder-associated depression: evidence for reductions in the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in a mouse model","volume":"90","author":"Caldwell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3354-9","article-title":"\"Did you ever drink more?\" A detailed description of pregnant women's drinking patterns","volume":"16","author":"Muggli","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110202049","article-title":"A prospective cohort study of alcohol exposure in early and late pregnancy within an urban population in Ireland","volume":"11","author":"Murphy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00359","article-title":"Murine models for the study of Fetal alcohol Spectrum disorders: an overview","volume":"8","author":"Almeida","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pediatr."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320470612","article-title":"Fetal alcohol syndrome in twins of alcoholic mothers: concordance of diagnosis and IQ","volume":"47","author":"Streissguth","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30150-4","article-title":"Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder","volume":"18","author":"Wozniak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.09.018","article-title":"The effects of developmental alcohol exposure on the neurobiology of spatial processing","volume":"107","author":"Harvey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2019.107832","article-title":"Alcohol exposure in utero disrupts cortico-striatal coordination required for behavioral flexibility","volume":"162","author":"Marquardt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2021.07.028","article-title":"Impaired cognitive flexibility following NMDAR-GluN2B deletion is associated with altered orbitofrontal-striatal function","volume":"475","author":"Marquardt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00554","article-title":"Alterations of electrophysiological properties and Ion Channel expression in prefrontal cortex of a mouse model of schizophrenia","volume":"13","author":"Mi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2022.102783","article-title":"Preferential formation of human heteromeric SK2:SK3 channels limits homomeric SK channel assembly and function","volume":"299","author":"Butler","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.01.027","article-title":"Selective activation of heteromeric SK channels contributes to action potential repolarization in mouse atrial myocytes","volume":"12","author":"Hancock","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2004.03.002","article-title":"Comparative immunohistochemical distribution of three small-conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channel subunits, SK1, SK2, and SK3 in mouse brain","volume":"26","author":"Sailer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3564","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa346","article-title":"Variants in the SK2 channel gene (KCNN2) lead to dominant neurodevelopmental movement disorders","volume":"143","author":"Mochel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2003.09.019","article-title":"Orbital prefrontal cortex mediates reversal learning and not attentional set shifting in the rat","volume":"146","author":"McAlonan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4585","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-11-04585.1999","article-title":"Involvement of the prelimbic-infralimbic areas of the rodent prefrontal cortex in behavioral flexibility for place and response learning","volume":"19","author":"Ragozzino","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4747","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0369-07.2007","article-title":"Prelimbic\/infralimbic inactivation impairs memory for multiple task switches, but not flexible selection of familiar tasks","volume":"27","author":"Rich","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref70","first-page":"439","article-title":"Non-invasive strategies for nose-to-brain drug delivery","volume":"10","author":"Trevino","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Trials."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2009.01.002","article-title":"Intranasal administration of mouse [D-Leu-4]OB3, a synthetic peptide amide with leptin-like activity, enhances total uptake and bioavailability in Swiss Webster mice when compared to intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and intramuscular delivery systems","volume":"154","author":"Novakovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Regul Pept."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/2040-2392-3-16","article-title":"Intranasal oxytocin versus placebo in the treatment of adults with autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"3","author":"Anagnostou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Autism."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.02.007","article-title":"Effects of intranasal oxytocin on the neural basis of face processing in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"74","author":"Domes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12305","article-title":"The effects of a course of intranasal oxytocin on social behaviors in youth diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"56","author":"Guastella","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1136","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.103","article-title":"Dose-dependent social-cognitive effects of intranasal oxytocin delivered with novel breath powered device in adults with autism spectrum disorder: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind crossover trial","volume":"7","author":"Quintana","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab291","article-title":"Effect of a novel nasal oxytocin spray with enhanced bioavailability on autism: a randomized trial","volume":"145","author":"Yamasue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200342130-00003","article-title":"Absorption enhancers for nasal drug delivery","volume":"42","author":"Davis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01283","article-title":"Bile acids and their derivatives as potential modifiers of drug release and pharmacokinetic profiles","volume":"9","author":"Pavlovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.06.005","article-title":"Effective nose-to-brain drug delivery using a combination system targeting the olfactory region in monkeys","volume":"359","author":"Sasaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Control Release."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658435","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2021.658435","article-title":"Physiology and therapeutic potential of SK, H, and M medium AfterHyperPolarization ion channels","volume":"14","author":"Dwivedi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s10048-008-0136-2","article-title":"Behavioral effects of a deletion in Kcnn2, the gene encoding the SK2 subunit of small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels","volume":"9","author":"Szatanik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurogenetics."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5301","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0182-04.2004","article-title":"Small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel knock-out mice reveal the identity of calcium-dependent afterhyperpolarization currents","volume":"24","author":"Bond","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.05.050","article-title":"Apamin produces selective improvements of learning in rats","volume":"386","author":"Deschaux","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/s0304-3940(97)13367-5","article-title":"Apamin improves learning in an object recognition task in rats","volume":"222","author":"Deschaux","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1080\/10915810701582970","article-title":"Nonclinical safety of ziconotide: an intrathecal analgesic of a new pharmaceutical class","volume":"26","author":"Skov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Toxicol."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0158235","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158235","article-title":"Bee venom for the treatment of Parkinson disease - a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"11","author":"Hartmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.110.957407","article-title":"Inhibition of small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels terminates and protects against atrial fibrillation","volume":"3","author":"Diness","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9989","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1323541111","article-title":"Functional interaction with filamin a and intracellular Ca2+ enhance the surface membrane expression of a small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK2) channel","volume":"111","author":"Rafizadeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272942","article-title":"Distinct subcellular mechanisms for the enhancement of the surface membrane expression of SK2 channel by its interacting proteins, alpha-actinin2 and filamin a","volume":"595","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Physiol."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23466","article-title":"Developmental mapping of small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel expression in the rat nervous system","volume":"522","author":"Gymnopoulos","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.329","article-title":"Phylogenetic and developmental analyses indicate complex functions of calcium-activated potassium channels in zebrafish embryonic development","volume":"250","author":"Silic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev Dyn."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1089\/bioe.2019.0008","article-title":"Preventing ethanol-induced brain and eye morphology defects using optogenetics","volume":"1","author":"Pai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioelectricity."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.13032","article-title":"HCN2 channel-induced rescue of brain, eye, heart and gut teratogenesis caused by nicotine, ethanol and aberrant notch signalling","volume":"30","author":"Pai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"key":"2026031303421089100_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2013.05.001","article-title":"A potential molecular target for morphological defects of fetal alcohol syndrome: Kir2.1","volume":"23","author":"Bates","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Genet Dev."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijnp\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ijnp\/pyaf055\/63990193\/pyaf055.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijnp\/article-pdf\/28\/9\/pyaf055\/63990193\/pyaf055.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijnp\/article-pdf\/28\/9\/pyaf055\/63990193\/pyaf055.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T07:42:19Z","timestamp":1773387739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijnp\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ijnp\/pyaf055\/8228253"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ijnp\/pyaf055","relation":{},"ISSN":["1461-1457","1469-5111"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1461-1457","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-5111","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"article-number":"pyaf055"}}