{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T05:09:23Z","timestamp":1776575363810,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014730","name":"Taipei City Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TPECH 11401-62-024 & TPECH 11501-62-032 [M-C.H.]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TPECH 11401-62-024 & TPECH 11501-62-032 [M-C.H.]"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014730","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100021037","name":"Taipei City Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TPCH 113-56 & TPCH 115-51 [M-C.H.]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TPCH 113-56 & TPCH 115-51 [M-C.H.]"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100021037","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 114-2314-B-532-003-MY3 [M-C.H.]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 114-2314-B-532-003-MY3 [M-C.H.]"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 111-2314-B-038-062-MY2 [C-H.C.]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 111-2314-B-038-062-MY2 [C-H.C.]"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Response to naltrexone varies among individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Studies in Western populations have linked the sweet-liking (SL) phenotype, reflecting an individual\u2019s hedonic response to sweet taste, to improved outcomes with naltrexone. However, cultural and ethnic variations in SL raise questions about the generalizability of this association. This exploratory investigation examined the relationship between SL phenotype and naltrexone treatment outcomes in Taiwanese patients with AUD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with DSM-5-defined severe AUD who had completed alcohol withdrawal were enrolled in an 8-week open-label naltrexone trial. Participants completed a sweet taste test and were categorized into SL or sweet-disliking (SDL) groups. Outcomes included alcohol consumption (drinking days per week, heavy drinking days per week, drinks per drinking day, abstinent days), alcohol craving, and depression and anxiety severity. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess the effects of time, group, and their interaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety-one patients were enrolled (SL: n\u2009=\u200944; SDL: n\u2009=\u200947). Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups, except for smoking-related variables. After adjusting for smoking, both groups showed improvements in alcohol use and psychological measures over time. A significant group-by-time interaction was found for drinks per drinking day, with the SL group showing more favorable outcomes than the SDL group (P = .03).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first exploratory investigation in Asians to assess SL phenotype in relation to naltrexone response in AUD patients. The SL phenotype was associated with reduced alcohol consumption over 8\u00a0weeks of naltrexone treatment, supporting SL phenotype as a potential biomarker for personalized AUD treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyag004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T12:45:55Z","timestamp":1768999555000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring the association between sweet liking and treatment response to naltrexone in patients with alcohol use disorder"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Min-Chiao","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Mackay Memorial Hospital , 92, Section 2, Zhongshan North Road, Zhongshan District, Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Hsin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University Hospital , 111, Section 3, Xinglong Road, Wenshan District, Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , 250, Wuxing Street, Xinyi District, Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Psychiatric Research Center, Wang-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University , 111, Section 3, Xinglong Road, Wenshan District, Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shih-Chun","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addiction Sciences, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital , 309, Song-de Road, Xinyi District, Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu-Hao","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addiction Sciences, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital , 309, Song-de Road, Xinyi District, Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hu-Ming","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addiction Sciences, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital , 309, Song-de Road, Xinyi District, Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9751-9834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming-Chyi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , 250, Wuxing Street, Xinyi District, Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Psychiatric Research Center, Wang-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University , 111, Section 3, Xinglong Road, Wenshan District, Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Department of Addiction Sciences, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital , 309, Song-de Road, Xinyi District, Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University , 250, Wuxing Street, Xinyi District, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60746-7","article-title":"Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders","volume":"373","author":"Rehm","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02383-8","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and risks of more than 200 diseases in Chinese men","volume":"29","author":"Im","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31775-1","article-title":"Alcohol use disorders","volume":"394","author":"Carvalho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14234","article-title":"Global statistics on alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use: 2017 status report","volume":"113","author":"Peacock","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13757","article-title":"The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease-an update","volume":"112","author":"Rehm","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agv088","article-title":"Alcohol dependence, Co-occurring conditions and attributable burden","volume":"51","author":"Odlaug","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/13556210412331292550","article-title":"Relation of genotypes of alcohol metabolizing enzymes and mortality of liver diseases in patients with alcohol dependence","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"07","DOI":"10.35946\/arcr.v41.1.07","article-title":"Alcohol use disorder: the role of medication in recovery","volume":"41","author":"Mason","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alcohol Res"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-015-0512-x","article-title":"Naltrexone: not just for opioids anymore","volume":"12","author":"Sudakin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Toxicol"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.19761","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"330","author":"McPheeters","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12012","article-title":"Results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled pharmacotherapy trial in alcoholism conducted in Germany and comparison with the US COMBINE study","volume":"18","author":"Mann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD001867","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001867.pub3","article-title":"Opioid antagonists for alcohol dependence","volume":"12","author":"Rosner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2010.00026","article-title":"The effects of naltrexone among alcohol non-abstainers: results from the COMBINE study","volume":"1","author":"Ray","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.2174\/138161210791516459","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of naltrexone in the Management of Alcohol Dependence","volume":"16","author":"Garbutt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13313","article-title":"A systematic review of naltrexone for attenuating alcohol consumption in women with alcohol use disorders","volume":"41","author":"Canidate","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1080\/13556210500223504","article-title":"A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence in Taiwan","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3628","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for adults with alcohol use disorders in outpatient settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"311","author":"Jonas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Jama."},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.282","article-title":"Precision medicine in alcohol dependence: a controlled trial testing pharmacotherapy response among reward and relief drinking phenotypes","volume":"43","author":"Mann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12557","article-title":"Clinical and biological moderators of response to naltrexone in alcohol dependence: a systematic review of the evidence","volume":"109","author":"Garbutt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00385-4","article-title":"Selective actions of central mu and kappa opioid antagonists upon sucrose intake in sham-fed rats","volume":"685","author":"Leventhal","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11777","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2329-05.2005","article-title":"Hedonic hot spot in nucleus accumbens shell: where do mu-opioids cause increased hedonic impact of sweetness?","volume":"25","author":"Pecina","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050169","article-title":"Endogenous opioid systems and alcohol addiction","volume":"129","author":"Herz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(92)90261-y","article-title":"Hedonic response of sucrose likers and dislikers to other gustatory stimuli","volume":"52","author":"Looy","year":"1992","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.5.1663","article-title":"Same genetic components underlie different measures of sweet taste preference","volume":"86","author":"Keskitalo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e216","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1582","article-title":"Genetic and environmental determinants of bitter perception and sweet preferences","volume":"115","author":"Mennella","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000093739.05809.DD","article-title":"Family history of alcoholism and response to sweets","volume":"27","author":"Kampov-Polevoy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/36.2.165","article-title":"Sweet liking and family history of alcoholism in hospitalized alcoholic and non-alcoholic patients","volume":"36","author":"Kampov-Polevoy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.2.269","article-title":"Evidence of preference for a high-concentration sucrose solution in alcoholic men","volume":"154","author":"Kampov-Polevoy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.5.813","article-title":"Sweet taste preference as a risk factor for alcohol dependence","volume":"158","author":"Kranzler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.2157","article-title":"Association of the Sweet-Liking Phenotype and Craving for alcohol with the response to naltrexone treatment in alcohol dependence: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"73","author":"Garbutt","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agq101","article-title":"Predictors for the efficacy of naltrexone treatment in alcohol dependence: sweet preference","volume":"46","author":"Laaksonen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agn122","article-title":"Sweet liking phenotype, alcohol craving and response to naltrexone treatment in alcohol dependence","volume":"44","author":"Garbutt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030718","article-title":"Determinants of sweetness preference: a scoping review of human studies","volume":"12","author":"Venditti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"American Psychiatric Association. DSM-5 Task Force. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders : DSM-5","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","edition":"5th"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000512","article-title":"Selecting an appropriate alcohol pharmacotherapy: review of recent findings","volume":"32","author":"Castren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref36","first-page":"159","article-title":"The Chinese version of the severity of alcohol dependence questionnaire: reliability and factor structure","volume":"23","author":"Cheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Taiwan J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.84.7.1086","article-title":"The validity of self-reported smoking: a review and meta-analysis","volume":"84","author":"Patrick","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2006.02.024","article-title":"The psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence","volume":"31","author":"Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2022.0217","article-title":"Validation of the Chinese version of Penn alcohol craving scale for patients with alcohol use disorder","volume":"21","author":"Ko","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref40","first-page":"301","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Beck depression inventory-II","volume":"16","author":"Lu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Taiwan J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02215.x","article-title":"Do acamprosate or naltrexone have an effect on daily drinking by reducing craving for alcohol?","volume":"103","author":"Richardson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.6320\/fjm.2006.10(4).05","article-title":"Validation of the Chinese version of the Beck anxiety inventory","volume":"10","author":"Che","year":"2006","journal-title":"Formosan J Med"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodqual.2018.09.001","article-title":"Reconsidering the classification of sweet taste liker phenotypes: a methodological review","volume":"72","author":"Iatridi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Qual Prefer"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.4789","article-title":"Once-weekly Semaglutide in adults with alcohol use disorder: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"82","author":"Hendershot","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.19070703","article-title":"Association of Prefrontal-Striatal Functional Pathology with alcohol abstinence days at treatment initiation and heavy drinking after treatment initiation","volume":"177","author":"Blaine","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15572","article-title":"Effect of extended-release naltrexone on alcohol consumption: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"117","author":"Murphy CEt, Wang RC, Montoy JC, Whittaker E, Raven M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.2174\/138161210791516459","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of naltrexone in the management of alcohol dependence","volume":"16","author":"Garbutt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S54","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2009.73","article-title":"Reward systems and food intake: role of opioids","volume":"33","author":"Gosnell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2005.05.056","article-title":"Sweet intake, sweet-liking, urges to eat, and weight change: relationship to alcohol dependence and abstinence","volume":"31","author":"Krahn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R91","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1986.251.1.R91","article-title":"An opioid antagonist, naltrexone, reduces preference for sucrose in humans","volume":"251","author":"Fantino","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Phys"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/s0031-9384(02)00751-5","article-title":"Opioid modulation of taste hedonics within the ventral striatum","volume":"76","author":"Kelley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1002\/ffj.2074","article-title":"Genetics of sweet taste preferences","volume":"26","author":"Bachmanov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Flavour Fragr J"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz043","article-title":"New insight into human sweet taste: a genome-wide association study of the perception and intake of sweet substances","volume":"109","author":"Hwang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3293(99)00076-2","article-title":"Dietary habits and the perception and liking of sweetness among Australian and Malaysian students: a cross-cultural study","volume":"11","author":"Holt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Food Qual Prefer"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i319","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjh243","article-title":"Factors contributing to individual differences in sucrose preference","volume":"30","author":"Pepino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.99.3.1061-1070","article-title":"Effect of physical exercise on human preference for solutions of various sweet substances","volume":"99","author":"Horio","year":"2004","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.133983","article-title":"Genetic and environmental influences on food preferences in adolescence","volume":"104","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2007.00519.x","article-title":"Effects of cigarette smoking and family history of alcoholism on sweet taste perception and food cravings in women","volume":"31","author":"Pepino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.02.006","article-title":"Neurobiological mechanisms involved in nicotine dependence and reward: participation of the endogenous opioid system","volume":"35","author":"Berrendero","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13601","article-title":"Nicotine-use\/smoking is associated with the efficacy of naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence","volume":"42","author":"Anton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2026041409570758200_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agac027","article-title":"Smoking As an outcome moderator In the treatment of alcohol use disorders","volume":"57","author":"van Amsterdam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijnp\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ijnp\/pyag004\/66557536\/pyag004.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijnp\/article-pdf\/29\/2\/pyag004\/66557536\/pyag004.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijnp\/article-pdf\/29\/2\/pyag004\/66557536\/pyag004.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T13:57:16Z","timestamp":1776175036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijnp\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ijnp\/pyag004\/8439608"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ijnp\/pyag004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1461-1457","1469-5111"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1461-1457","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-5111","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"article-number":"pyag004"}}