{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T18:06:14Z","timestamp":1780423574600,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Trond Mohn Research Foundation","award":["BFS2017TMT04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BFS2017TMT04"]}]},{"name":"Trond Mohn Research Foundation","award":["BFS2017TMT08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BFS2017TMT08"]}]},{"name":"Trond Mohn Research Foundation","award":["TMS2023TMT06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TMS2023TMT06"]}]},{"name":"Dr. Einar Martens Foundation"},{"name":"Western Norway Regional Health","award":["911679"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["911679"]}]},{"name":"Western Norway Regional Health","award":["911820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["911820"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["223273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["223273"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["213727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["213727"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antipsychotic drugs are to varying degrees associated with hematological side-effects and peripheral metabolic and immunological changes. Here, we aimed to characterize the initial transcriptional changes in peripheral leukocytes from individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) after starting antipsychotic treatment with amisulpride, aripiprazole, or olanzapine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed RNA sequencing data obtained from peripheral whole blood samples from 100 individuals with SSD (41 antipsychotic-na\u00efve [AP-na\u00efve], 10 AP-free, and 49 AP-switching at inclusion) collected at baseline and after 1 and 3 weeks of antipsychotic drug use. Data from 36 healthy controls (HC) collected at baseline and after 3 weeks without any intervention were included. We analyzed age- and sex-adjusted differentially expressed genes between SSD and HC before and after treatment and stratified by previous antipsychotic use. A linear mixed model was applied to study longitudinal gene expression changes associated with the antipsychotic drug that was used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After 3 weeks of antipsychotic use, the AP-switching group had the most significant transcriptional changes, characterized by increased expression of genes typically transcribed by immature erythroid cells and immature neutrophil cells. This gene profile showed no correlation with symptoms score. Interestingly, the immature neutrophil-associated gene signature was more pronounced in participants receiving olanzapine, and partly also amisulpride, but not aripiprazole. In contrast, only minor transcriptional changes were observed in the AP-na\u00efve participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that prior antipsychotic exposure may have a priming effect on leukocyte gene expression, which results in a transcriptional response indicative of stress erythropoiesis and neutropoiesis when switching to a new antipsychotic drug. This response appears to be independent of psychosis symptom severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyag019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T11:42:32Z","timestamp":1777030952000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Three-week effect of amisulpride, aripiprazole, and olanzapine on gene expression in peripheral blood in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8638-8357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anja","family":"Torsvik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen , Bergen ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Mohn Research Center for Psychotic Disorders (MRCP), Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen 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Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inge","family":"Joa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TIPS \u2013 Network for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital , Stavanger ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Stavanger , Stavanger ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solveig M","family":"Kl\u00e6bo Reitan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Nidelv DPS, St. Olavs Hospital , Trondheim 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