{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T21:59:04Z","timestamp":1787695144536,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DA052682"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DA052682"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA042528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA042528"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"NIDA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010628","name":"FDA Center for Tobacco Products","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U54DA036151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54DA036151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010628","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010628","name":"FDA Center for Tobacco Products","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01DA052566"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA052566"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010628","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"VA New England (VISN 1) Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cannabis\u2013nicotine co-use is common and may affect cessation outcomes, yet whether recent cannabis exposure alters nicotine\u2019s acute effects in humans remains unclear. We examined whether recent, non-daily cannabis exposure modulates the acute subjective effects of intravenous (IV) nicotine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We pooled data from 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies using IV nicotine to isolate nicotine\u2019s pharmacodynamics in adults who smoke tobacco cigarettes (N\u2009=\u200960). Participants completed 3 sessions (placebo, 0.1\u00a0mg, 0.2\u00a0mg nicotine\/70\u00a0kg). Recent cannabis exposure was defined a priori (past-30-day use with positive urine 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol vs no past-30-day use with negative screen). Primary outcomes were peak Drug Effects Questionnaire (DEQ) composites\u2014stimulatory, pleasurable, aversive\u2014within 10\u00a0minutes post-infusion. Secondary outcomes included nicotine self-administration behavior (proportion of nicotine choices) and cardiovascular responses (heart rate, blood pressure). Linear mixed-effects models included dose, cannabis exposure, sex, and FTND.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nicotine increased all DEQ domains dose-dependently (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.0001). Aversive effects showed a significant dose x cannabis exposure interaction (\u03c72\u2009=\u200913.31, P\u2009=\u2009.001): participants with recent cannabis exposure reported greater aversive responses at 0.2\u00a0mg (Cohen\u2019s d\u2019\u2009=\u20090.83), with minimal between-group differences at placebo\/0.1\u00a0mg. Nicotine self-administration did not differ by cannabis exposure status, and no dose x cannabis exposure interactions were observed for cardiovascular responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent, non-daily cannabis exposure is thus associated with selectively greater aversive responses to a clinically relevant IV nicotine dose, without differential cardiovascular reactivity or altered nicotine choice. These findings support a shift in the aversive limb of nicotine\u2019s dose\u2013response and inform mechanistic and clinical studies on how cannabis exposure shapes nicotine reinforcement and cessation outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCT01495819, https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT01495819.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyag030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,24]],"date-time":"2026-05-24T11:36:21Z","timestamp":1779622581000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Recent cannabis exposure and acute nicotine effects: insights from randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intravenous nicotine studies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8702-5436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel P A","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States"},{"name":"Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit (CNRU), Connecticut Mental Health Center (CMHC), New Haven, CT, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R Ross","family":"MacLean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"VA Connecticut Healthcare System , West Haven, CT ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Sofuoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit (CNRU), Connecticut Mental Health Center (CMHC) , New Haven, CT ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"VA Connecticut Healthcare System , West Haven, CT ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7357-8215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joao P","family":"De Aquino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit (CNRU), Connecticut Mental Health Center (CMHC) , New Haven, CT ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"VA Connecticut Healthcare System , West Haven, CT ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.766","article-title":"Patterns of simultaneous polysubstance use in drug using university students","volume":"21","author":"Barrett","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230412331324509","article-title":"Emerging patterns of cannabis and other substance use in Aboriginal communities in Arnhem Land, Northern Territory: a study of two communities","volume":"23","author":"Clough","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.051614","article-title":"Marijuana use by tobacco smokers and nonsmokers: who is smoking what?","volume":"174","author":"Leatherdale","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cmaj"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/0899-3289(92)90039-z","article-title":"Patterns and predictors of simultaneous and concurrent use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and hallucinogens in first-year college students","volume":"4","author":"Martin","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Subst Abus"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1300\/j465v25n02_06","article-title":"Cigarette smoking among marijuana users in the United States","volume":"25","author":"Richter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Subst Abus"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.6.699","article-title":"US college students' use of tobacco products: results of a national survey","volume":"284","author":"Rigotti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Jama."},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref7","volume-title":"World Drug Report 2025."},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2021.03.005","article-title":"Trends over time in adult cannabis use: a review of recent findings","volume":"38","author":"Hasin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychol"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2340","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2010.199281","article-title":"Novel nicotine delivery systems and public health: the rise of the \"e-cigarette\"","volume":"100","author":"Cobb","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2440376","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.40376","article-title":"Cannabis-derived product types, flavors, and compound types from an e-commerce website","volume":"7","author":"Nali","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2024.108129","article-title":"Trends in cannabis and tobacco co-use in the United States, 2002-2021","volume":"158","author":"Rubenstein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadr.2024.100253","article-title":"Prevalence of and trends in current cannabis use among US youth and adults, 2013-2022","volume":"12","author":"Mattingly","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend Rep"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.03843.x","article-title":"Clinical correlates of co-occurring cannabis and tobacco use: a systematic review","volume":"107","author":"Peters","year":"2012","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.13323","article-title":"Tobacco\/nicotine use among individuals using cannabis for therapeutic purposes","volume":"31","author":"Steinberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2017.304050","article-title":"Trends in daily cannabis use among cigarette smokers: United States, 2002-2014","volume":"108","author":"Goodwin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000244","article-title":"Tobacco and cannabis co-use: Drug substitution, quit interest, and cessation preferences","volume":"27","author":"McClure","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15290","article-title":"Unknown population-level harms of cannabis and tobacco co-use: if you don't measure it, you can't manage it","volume":"116","author":"Hindocha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1785679","article-title":"Impact of marijuana use on lung health","volume":"45","author":"Bando","year":"2024","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.07.013","article-title":"A review of the additive health risk of cannabis and tobacco co-use","volume":"166","author":"Meier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntae202","article-title":"Cannabis use and subsequent cigarette discontinuation among U.S. adults in the population assessment of tobacco and health study, waves 1-5","volume":"27","author":"Sedani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntab122","article-title":"Increasing cannabis use is associated with poorer cigarette smoking cessation outcomes: findings from the ITC four country smoking and vaping surveys, 2016-2018","volume":"24","author":"Driezen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12186","article-title":"A review of co-morbid tobacco and cannabis use disorders: possible mechanisms to explain high rates of co-use","volume":"24","author":"Rabin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.08.002","article-title":"Nicotine and cannabinoids: parallels, contrasts and interactions","volume":"30","author":"Viveros","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes12080812","article-title":"Interactions between the nicotinic and endocannabinoid receptors at the plasma membrane","volume":"12","author":"Vall\u00e9s","year":"2022","journal-title":"Membranes (Basel)"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2015.00041","article-title":"Role of the endogenous cannabinoid system in nicotine addiction: novel insights","volume":"6","author":"Gamaleddin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.16","article-title":"Prior exposure to THC increases the addictive effects of nicotine in rats","volume":"38","author":"Panlilio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.120634","article-title":"Behavioral cross-tolerance between repeated intracerebellar nicotine and acute Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced cerebellar ataxia: role of cerebellar nitric oxide","volume":"322","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.27","article-title":"Blockade of nicotine and cannabinoid reinforcement and relapse by a cannabinoid CB1-Receptor Neutral Antagonist AM4113 and inverse agonist rimonabant in squirrel monkeys","volume":"41","author":"Schindler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1124\/pharmrev.121.000299","article-title":"Neurobiological mechanisms of nicotine reward and aversion","volume":"74","author":"Wills","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntz080","article-title":"The relationship of varenicline agonism of \u03b14\u03b22 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and nicotine-induced dopamine release in nicotine-dependent humans","volume":"22","author":"McCaul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.177","article-title":"Differential roles of \u03b16\u03b22* and \u03b14\u03b22* neuronal nicotinic receptors in nicotine- and cocaine-conditioned reward in mice","volume":"40","author":"Sanjakdar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09797","article-title":"Habenular \u03b15 nicotinic receptor subunit signalling controls nicotine intake","volume":"471","author":"Fowler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.11.019","article-title":"The habenulo-interpeduncular pathway in nicotine aversion and withdrawal","volume":"96","author":"Antolin-Fontes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology."},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.08.035","article-title":"Habenular CB1 receptors control the expression of aversive memories","volume":"88","author":"Soria-G\u00f3mez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron."},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.48.113006.094742","article-title":"Pharmacology of nicotine: addiction, smoking-induced disease, and therapeutics","volume":"49","author":"Benowitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2021.108626","article-title":"Endocannabinoids, cannabinoids and the regulation of anxiety","volume":"195","author":"Petrie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology."},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2010.01176.x","article-title":"Regulation of nausea and vomiting by cannabinoids","volume":"163","author":"Parker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3465","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.0356-19.2020","article-title":"\u03b24-Nicotinic receptors are critically involved in reward-related behaviors and self-regulation of nicotine reinforcement","volume":"40","author":"Husson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9789","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.0476-14.2014","article-title":"Differential expression and function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in subdivisions of medial habenula","volume":"34","author":"Shih","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.01.008","article-title":"Transdermal nicotine alters some of marihuana's effects in male and female volunteers","volume":"79","author":"Penetar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000391","article-title":"Impact of smoked cannabis on tobacco cigarette smoking intensity and subjective effects: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, within-subjects human laboratory study","volume":"29","author":"Peters","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.373","article-title":"Intravenous nicotine self-administration in smokers: dose-response function and sex differences","volume":"41","author":"Jensen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-021-05833-8","article-title":"Threshold dose for intravenous nicotine self-administration in young adult non-dependent smokers","volume":"238","author":"MacLean","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-024-00686-0","article-title":"Determination of \u0394(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, 11-nor-carboxy-\u0394(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol in human plasma and urine after a commercial cannabidiol oil product intake","volume":"42","author":"Papoutsis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref45","article-title":"THC urine test (marijuana)","author":"NarcoCheck","year":"2025","journal-title":"NarcoCheck. Updated"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-012-2954-z","article-title":"The drug effects questionnaire: psychometric support across three drug types","volume":"227","author":"Morean","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref47","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.4510","article-title":"Linear mixed models to handle missing at random data in trial-based economic evaluations","volume":"31","author":"Gabrio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Econ"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1298","article-title":"The neurobiology of nicotine addiction: bridging the gap from molecules to behaviour","volume":"5","author":"Laviolette","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13605","article-title":"Deletion of \u03b15 nicotine receptor subunits abolishes nicotinic aversive motivational effects in a manner that phenocopies dopamine receptor antagonism","volume":"46","author":"Grieder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.63.5.1059","article-title":"The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha 5 mediates short-term effects of nicotine in vivo","volume":"63","author":"Salas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2022.109170","article-title":"Mutation of the \u03b15 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit increases ethanol and nicotine consumption in adolescence and impacts adult drug consumption","volume":"216","author":"Quijano Card\u00e9","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology."},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10891","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.0937-11.2011","article-title":"\u03b14\u03b22 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on dopaminergic neurons mediate nicotine reward and anxiety relief","volume":"31","author":"McGranahan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-016-4367-x","article-title":"Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor availability in cigarette smokers: effect of heavy caffeine or marijuana use","volume":"233","author":"Brody","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112159","article-title":"Opposing retrograde and astrocyte-dependent endocannabinoid signaling mechanisms regulate lateral habenula synaptic transmission","volume":"42","author":"Winters","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.09.014","article-title":"Epigenetic effects of cannabis exposure","volume":"79","author":"Szutorisz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2011.00314.x","article-title":"Cannabinoid receptor stimulation increases motivation for nicotine and nicotine seeking","volume":"17","author":"Gamaleddin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4790","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13250","article-title":"Cannabidiol is a negative allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor","volume":"172","author":"Laprairie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707464","article-title":"GPR55: a new member of the cannabinoid receptor clan?","volume":"152","author":"Pertwee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704327","article-title":"Molecular targets for cannabidiol and its synthetic analogues: effect on vanilloid VR1 receptors and on the cellular uptake and enzymatic hydrolysis of anandamide","volume":"134","author":"Bisogno","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1168-x","article-title":"Involvement of 5HT1A receptors in the anxiolytic-like effects of cannabidiol injected into the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray of rats","volume":"199","author":"Campos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2023.109833","article-title":"Cannabidiol as a potential cessation therapeutic: effects on intravenous nicotine self-administration and withdrawal symptoms in mice","volume":"246","author":"Cheeks","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-015-0377-3","article-title":"Molecular targets of cannabidiol in neurological disorders","volume":"12","author":"Ibeas Bih","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics."},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2023.173632","article-title":"Experimenter administered \u0394(9)-THC decreases nicotine self-administration in a rat model","volume":"231","author":"Abraham","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2021-056723","article-title":"Cigarette dependence is more prevalent and increasing among US adolescents and adults who use cannabis, 2002-2019","volume":"32","author":"Weinberger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107434","article-title":"Differences between adults who smoke cigarettes daily and do and do not co-use cannabis: findings from the 2020 ITC four country smoking and vaping survey","volume":"135","author":"Gravely","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nts205","article-title":"Optimal carbon monoxide criteria to confirm 24-hr smoking abstinence","volume":"15","author":"Perkins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"2026072311162274700_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntz009","article-title":"Smoking cessation pharmacotherapy based on genetically-informed biomarkers: what is the evidence?","volume":"21","author":"Panagiotou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijnp\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ijnp\/pyag030\/68397216\/pyag030.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijnp\/article-pdf\/29\/7\/pyag030\/68397216\/pyag030.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijnp\/article-pdf\/29\/7\/pyag030\/68397216\/pyag030.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T15:16:32Z","timestamp":1784819792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijnp\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ijnp\/pyag030\/8694648"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ijnp\/pyag030","relation":{},"ISSN":["1461-1457","1469-5111"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1461-1457","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-5111","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"article-number":"pyag030"}}