{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T10:54:44Z","timestamp":1758970484024,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,13]],"date-time":"2018-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21DA039453"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21DA039453"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyx119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,9]],"date-time":"2018-01-09T16:24:56Z","timestamp":1515515096000},"page":"503-512","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Influence of Nicotine Metabolism Ratio on [11C]-(+)-PHNO PET Binding in Tobacco Smokers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Patricia","family":"Di Ciano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel F","family":"Tyndale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esmaeil","family":"Mansouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addiction Imaging Research Group Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian S","family":"Hendershot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan A","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Lagzdins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Houle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Boileau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Addiction Imaging Research Group Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Le Foll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e264","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1583","article-title":"The role of CYP2A6 in the emergence of nicotine dependence in adolescents","volume":"119","author":"Audrain-McGovern","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20066","article-title":"The hedonic response to cigarette smoking is proportional to dopamine release in the human striatum as measured by positron emission tomography and [11C]raclopride","volume":"54","author":"Barrett","year":"2004","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/94.2.108","article-title":"Slower metabolism and reduced intake of nicotine from cigarette smoking in Chinese-Americans","volume":"94","author":"Benowitz","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1080\/1462220031000158717","article-title":"Nicotine metabolite ratio as a predictor of cigarette consumption","volume":"5","author":"Benowitz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4371-11.2012","article-title":"Higher binding of the dopamine D3 receptor-preferring ligand [11C]-(+)-propyl-hexahydro-naphtho-oxazin in methamphetamine polydrug users: a positron emission tomography study","volume":"32","author":"Boileau","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.7.1211","article-title":"Smoking-induced ventral striatum dopamine release","volume":"161","author":"Brody","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2008.87","article-title":"Ventral striatal dopamine release in response to smoking a regular vs a denicotinized cigarette","volume":"34","author":"Brody","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2009.06.004","article-title":"Smoking-induced change in intrasynaptic dopamine concentration: effect of treatment for tobacco dependence","volume":"183","author":"Brody","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2014.05.022","article-title":"Advances in the neurobiological bases for food \u2018liking\u2019 versus \u2018wanting\u2019","volume":"136","author":"Castro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e32835f834d","article-title":"CYP2A6 slow nicotine metabolism is associated with increased quitting by adolescent smokers","volume":"23","author":"Chenoweth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genomics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntv125","article-title":"The nicotine metabolite ratio is associated with early smoking abstinence even after controlling for factors that influence the nicotine metabolite ratio","volume":"18","author":"Chenoweth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e60382","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060382","article-title":"Presentation of smoking-associated cues does not elicit dopamine release after one-hour smoking abstinence: A [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO PET Study","volume":"8","author":"Chiuccariello","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16851","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3661-14.2014","article-title":"Sex differences in the brain\u2019s dopamine signature of cigarette smoking","volume":"34","author":"Cosgrove","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2004.02.011","article-title":"Nicotine metabolite ratio as an index of cytochrome P450 2A6 metabolic activity","volume":"76","author":"Dempsey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1992.tb25969.x","article-title":"Drug motivation and abuse: a neurobiological perspective","volume":"654","author":"Di Chiara","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntv102","article-title":"Nicotine metabolite ratio is associated with lozenge use but not quitting in smokeless tobacco users","volume":"18","author":"Ebbert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.11.015","article-title":"Brain Responses to smoking cues differ based on nicotine metabolism rate","volume":"80","author":"Falcone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.18","article-title":"Reduced-nicotine cigarettes in young smokers: impact of nicotine metabolism on nicotine dose effects","volume":"42","author":"Faulkner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07020352","article-title":"Association of low striatal dopamine d2 receptor availability with nicotine dependence similar to that seen with other drugs of abuse","volume":"165","author":"Fehr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntx083","article-title":"Nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) prospectively predicts smoking relapse: longitudinal findings from ITC Surveys in five countries","volume":"19","author":"Fix","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-1809.2000.6450383.x","article-title":"The use of long PCR to confirm three common alleles at the CYP2A6 locus and the relationship between genotype and smoking habit","volume":"64","author":"Gu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2009.19","article-title":"Association of nicotine metabolite ratio and CYP2A6 genotype with smoking cessation treatment in African-American light smokers","volume":"85","author":"Ho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2006.06.011","article-title":"Determinants of the rate of nicotine metabolism and effects on smoking behavior","volume":"80","author":"Johnstone","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.07.019","article-title":"Rate of nicotine metabolism and smoking cessation outcomes in a community-based sample of treatment-seeking smokers","volume":"51","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20867","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo comparison of [(3)H](+)-PHNO and [(3)H]raclopride binding to rat striatum and lobes 9 and 10 of the cerebellum: a method to distinguish dopamine D(3) from D(2) receptor sites","volume":"65","author":"Kiss","year":"2011","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1996.0066","article-title":"Simplified reference tissue model for PET receptor studies","volume":"4","author":"Lammertsma","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2014.00161","article-title":"Recent methods for measuring dopamine D3 receptor occupancy in vivo: importance for drug development","volume":"5","author":"Le Foll","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.209","article-title":"Elevation of dopamine induced by cigarette smoking: novel insights from a [11C]-+-PHNO PET study in humans","volume":"39","author":"Le Foll","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2006.02.006","article-title":"Nicotine metabolite ratio predicts efficacy of transdermal nicotine for smoking cessation","volume":"79","author":"Lerman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(14)70294-2","article-title":"Use of the nicotine metabolite ratio as a genetically informed biomarker of response to nicotine patch or varenicline for smoking cessation: a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"3","author":"Lerman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.09.013","article-title":"CYP2A6 genetic variation alters striatal-cingulate circuits, network hubs, and executive processing in smokers","volume":"81","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001794","article-title":"Impact of CYP2A6 genotype on pretreatment smoking behaviour and nicotine levels from and usage of nicotine replacement therapy","volume":"11","author":"Malaiyandi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WCB.0000048520.34839.1A","article-title":"Imaging human mesolimbic dopamine transmission with positron emission tomography. Part II: amphetamine-induced dopamine release in the functional subdivisions of the striatum","volume":"23","author":"Martinez","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300420","article-title":"Cocaine dependence and d2 receptor availability in the functional subdivisions of the striatum: relationship with cocaine-seeking behavior","volume":"29","author":"Martinez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0035","first-page":"193","article-title":"From motivation to action: a review of dopaminergic regulation of limbic -nucleus accumbens- ventral pallidum - pedunculopontine nucleus circuitries involved in limbic-motor integration","volume-title":"Limbic Motor Circuits and Neuropsychiatry","author":"Mogenson","year":"1993"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.11.012","article-title":"Nicotine metabolism and CYP2A6 activity in a population of black African descent: impact of gender and light smoking","volume":"89","author":"Mwenifumbo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2008.57","article-title":"Toward personalized therapy for smoking cessation: a randomized placebo-controlled trial of bupropion","volume":"84","author":"Patterson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2015.03.005","article-title":"The ventral pallidum: subregion-specific functional anatomy and roles in motivated behaviors","volume":"130","author":"Root","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2016.05.002","article-title":"Racial differences in the relationship between rate of nicotine metabolism and nicotine intake from cigarette smoking","volume":"148","author":"Ross","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e643","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-3679","article-title":"Rate of nicotine metabolism and withdrawal symptoms in adolescent light smokers","volume":"122","author":"Rubinstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2006.01.011","article-title":"An automated method for the extraction of regional data from PET images","volume":"147","author":"Rusjan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2008.10.016","article-title":"Nicotine metabolic rate predicts successful smoking cessation with transdermal nicotine: a validation study","volume":"92","author":"Schnoll","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-013-3421-1","article-title":"The relationship between the nicotine metabolite ratio and three self-report measures of nicotine dependence across sex and race","volume":"231","author":"Schnoll","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-200409000-00006","article-title":"Ethnic variation in CYP2A6 and association of genetically slow nicotine metabolism and smoking in adult Caucasians","volume":"14","author":"Schoedel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacogenetics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2011.115","article-title":"Within-subject comparison of [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO and [(11)C]raclopride sensitivity to acute amphetamine challenge in healthy humans","volume":"32","author":"Shotbolt","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2003.00449.x","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Tobacco Craving Questionnaire and validation of a craving-induction procedure using multiple measures of craving and mood","volume":"98","author":"Singleton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.336","article-title":"Rapid nicotine clearance is associated with greater reward and heart rate increases from intravenous nicotine","volume":"37","author":"Sofuoglu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-12-0236","article-title":"Reproducibility of the nicotine metabolite ratio in cigarette smokers","volume":"21","author":"St Helen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-10-0674","article-title":"Nicotine metabolite ratio predicts smoking topography and carcinogen biomarker level","volume":"20","author":"Strasser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.119","article-title":"Genetic variation in CYP2A6 predicts neural reactivity to smoking cues as measured using fMRI","volume":"60","author":"Tang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-14-1381","article-title":"Nicotine metabolite ratio (3-hydroxycotinine\/cotinine) in plasma and urine by different analytical methods and laboratories: implications for clinical implementation","volume":"24","author":"Tanner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01732.x","article-title":"The development and initial validation of a questionnaire on smoking urges","volume":"86","author":"Tiffany","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Addict"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.044","article-title":"Imaging dopamine receptors in humans with [11C]-(+)-PHNO: dissection of D3 signal and anatomy","volume":"54","author":"Tziortzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntu342","article-title":"The nicotine metabolite ratio in pregnancy measured by trans-3\u2019-Hydroxycotinine to cotinine ratio: characteristics and relationship with smoking cessation","volume":"17","author":"Vaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890140210","article-title":"Decreased dopamine D2 receptor availability is associated with reduced frontal metabolism in cocaine abusers","volume":"14","author":"Volkow","year":"1993","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2011.86","article-title":"Decreased dopamine activity predicts relapse in methamphetamine abusers","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180601070910_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4153","DOI":"10.1021\/jm050155n","article-title":"Radiosynthesis and evaluation of [11C]-(+)-4-propyl-3,4,4a,5,6,10b-hexahydro-2H-naphtho[1,2-b][1,4]oxazin-9-ol as a potential radiotracer for in vivo imaging of the dopamine D2 high-affinity state with positron emission tomography","volume":"48","author":"Wilson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Med Chem"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijnp\/article-pdf\/21\/6\/503\/24977704\/pyx119.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,9]],"date-time":"2019-10-09T01:18:04Z","timestamp":1570583884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijnp\/article\/21\/6\/503\/4807487"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,13]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ijnp\/pyx119","relation":{},"ISSN":["1461-1457","1469-5111"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1461-1457"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-5111"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,13]]}}}