{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T07:47:08Z","timestamp":1785829628325,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"2022 University of Toronto Provost\u2019s Instructional Technology Innovation Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Explore gamification to support student learning of minor ailment prescribing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Online games were designed for the three most challenging minor ailments identified by a pharmacy student needs assessment. Post-game evaluation was collected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Online\/live- and offline\/homework-mode Quizizz games were engaged by 23 and 46 students, respectively. Average knowledge scores were 52% (nausea and vomiting in pregnancy), 47% (pinworms and threadworms), and 41% (impetigo), respectively. Gamification was perceived to be effective in reinforcing knowledge, recognizing knowledge blind spots, and patient-assessment concepts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Identifying knowledge gaps and familiarizing with minor ailment prescribing through interactive gamification was positively received by students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ijpp\/riaf110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T14:30:14Z","timestamp":1762957814000},"page":"509-512","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Minor ailment prescribing: an opportunity for gamified pharmacy education innovation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Zhiting (Tina)","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5S 3M2 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyue (Iris)","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5S 3M2 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Hashemi-Sabet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5S 3M2 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2301-3299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Certina","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5S 3M2 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080403075253100_ref1","volume-title":"Regulations Authorizing Pharmacist Prescribing for Certain Minor Ailments Approved \u2013 in Effect January 1, 2023"},{"key":"2026080403075253100_ref2","volume-title":"Minor Ailments Expansion"},{"key":"2026080403075253100_ref3","first-page":"S104","article-title":"Pharmacist prescribing for minor ailments (PPMA) in Ontario: needs assessment of pharmacy students. AFPC CPERC 2023 abstracts \u2013 oral and poster presentations","volume":"156","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Can Pharm J (Ott)"},{"key":"2026080403075253100_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.7577\/seminar.2579","article-title":"Enhancing engagement, enjoyment and learning experiences by gamification on an English course for health care students","volume":"14","author":"Korkealehto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Media Technol Lifelong Learn"},{"key":"2026080403075253100_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10040644","article-title":"Effects of situation-based flipped learning and gamification as combined methodologies in psychiatric nursing education: a quasi-experimental study","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"2026080403075253100_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.15417","article-title":"Tackling teaching patient safety: gamification to the rescue","volume":"58","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"key":"2026080403075253100_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.56021\/9781421444116","volume-title":"Curriculum Development for Medical Education: A Six-Step Approach","author":"Thomas","year":"2022"},{"key":"2026080403075253100_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.62694\/efh.2024.95","article-title":"Gamification approach to addiction education for internal medicine residents","volume":"37","author":"Falleni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Educ Health"},{"key":"2026080403075253100_ref9","first-page":"S66","article-title":"Gamification in patient safety health profession education. AFPC CPERC 2023 abstracts \u2013 oral and poster presentations","volume":"156","author":"Ezekwemba","year":"2023","journal-title":"Can Pharm J (Ott)"},{"key":"2026080403075253100_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2017.04.027","article-title":"Designing and evaluating the effectiveness of a serious game for safe administration of blood transfusion: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"55","author":"Tan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"key":"2026080403075253100_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy10040071","article-title":"Ranking of curricular content by pharmacy students and community pharmacists","volume":"10","author":"Taylor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacy (Basel)"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Pharmacy Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijpp\/article-pdf\/34\/4\/509\/65275953\/riaf110.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijpp\/article-pdf\/34\/4\/509\/65275953\/riaf110.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T07:07:57Z","timestamp":1785827277000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijpp\/article\/34\/4\/509\/8321769"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ijpp\/riaf110","relation":{},"ISSN":["0961-7671","2042-7174"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0961-7671","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-7174","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]}}}