{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T12:19:57Z","timestamp":1787746797822,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stevens\u2013Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a rare, life-threatening reaction often linked to allopurinol. Pharmacists are key in its prevention, but data on their knowledge in Sudan are limited. This study evaluated pharmacists\u2019 knowledge of allopurinol-induced SJS and its predictors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional analytical study used a validated questionnaire and convenience sampling. The study was conducted among community pharmacists across Sudan between November and December 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 385 pharmacists participated; 197 (51.2%) were male, and 188 (48.8%) were aged 20\u201325\u00a0years. The overall median knowledge score was 60% (IQR: 52\u201368%), with 310 (80.5%) demonstrating good knowledge. Awareness of the allopurinol\u2013SJS association was reported by 246 (63.9%), but only 183 (47.5%) identified it as life-threatening. Misconceptions were common, as 228 (59.2%) believed the risk to be dose dependent. Female pharmacists (162\/188, 86.2%) were more than twice as likely to have good knowledge (AOR\u2009=\u20092.06, 95% CI: 1.20\u20133.54; P\u2009=\u2009.009), whereas pharmacists having postgraduate degrees (59\/61, 96.7%) were more than ten times as likely (AOR\u2009=\u200910.32, 95% CI: 2.17\u201349.01; P\u2009=\u2009.003). No significant associations were found with age, experience, or location.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although most pharmacists displayed good overall knowledge, substantial gaps remain in recognizing the severity, causative factors, and genetic risks of allopurinol-induced SJS. Targeted education, pharmacovigilance training, and the integration of pharmacogenetics into pharmacy curricula are essential to improve early detection, patient counselling, and safe prescribing in Sudan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ijpp\/riag115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T11:13:06Z","timestamp":1786101186000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pharmacists\u2019 knowledge of allopurinol-induced Stevens\u2013Johnson syndrome and its predictors: a study from Sudan"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Ahmed Hassan Ali","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Neelain University , Khartoum ,","place":["Sudan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4343-8902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yousif B","family":"Hamadalneel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira , Wad Medani ,","place":["Sudan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3524-4825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Awadallah","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy Program, Napata College , Khartoum ,","place":["Sudan"]},{"name":"Mycetoma Research Center, University of Khartoum , Khartoum ,","place":["Sudan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Murtada Rashad","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Neelain University , Khartoum ,","place":["Sudan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Mubarak AbdAlrahman","family":"Khalifa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Neelain University , Khartoum ,","place":["Sudan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3204-983X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Safaa","family":"Badi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University , Khartoum ,","place":["Sudan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2144-8475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maha Yahia","family":"Suliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Neelain University , Khartoum ,","place":["Sudan"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, National University , Khartoum ,","place":["Sudan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026082607303304800_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1993.01680220104023","article-title":"Clinical classification of cases of toxic syndrome, and erythema multiforme","volume":"129","author":"Bastuji-Garin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"2026082607303304800_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14530","article-title":"U.K. guidelines for the management of Stevens\u2013Johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis in adults 2016","volume":"174","author":"Creamer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2026082607303304800_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.5-6-555","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Hussain","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"key":"2026082607303304800_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5701033","article-title":"Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: assessment of medication risks with emphasis on recently marketed drugs. 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