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Integrins are among the large series of molecular interactions that have been implicated as players in both triggering and maintenance of leukocyte influx from the blood into a given organ parenchyme. Accordingly, blocking the interaction between VLA-6 integrin and laminin, experimentally abrogates heart graft rejection. Many reports have shown that VLA-4 is used by T cells to cross endothelial barriers, as well as to migrate within target tissues. In this respect, a humanized IgG4 anti-VLA-4 monoclonal antibody (specific to the \u03b14-integrin chain of VLA-4) has been successfully applied to treat multiple sclerosis as well as inflammatory bowel disease. Anti-VLA-4 monoclonal antibody has also been applied to block transendothelial passage in other autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. On this same vein is the action of such a reagent in impairing in vitro transendothial and fibronectin-driven migration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing high densities of VLA-4 from Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients, thus potentially enlarging the use of this strategy to other diseases. Yet, in a small number of patients, the use of Natalizumab has been correlated with the progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, a serious brain infection caused by the John Cunningham virus. This issue restricted the use of the reagent. In this respect, the development of smaller and more specific antibody reagents should be envisioned as a next-generation promising strategy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/immadv\/ltab002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T03:35:50Z","timestamp":1612928150000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Integrin-directed antibody-based immunotherapy: focus on VLA-4"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Wilson","family":"Savino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil"},{"name":"National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil"},{"name":"Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation (RENEURIN), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Chaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil"},{"name":"National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil"},{"name":"Computational Modeling Group, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Eus\u00e9bio, Cear\u00e1 , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3938-9514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana Cesar","family":"Bonomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil"},{"name":"National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil"},{"name":"Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation (RENEURIN), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vinicius","family":"Cotta-de-Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil"},{"name":"National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil"},{"name":"Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation (RENEURIN), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022081105484181700_CIT0001","first-page":"110","article-title":"Role of the cytoskeleton during leukocyte 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