{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T19:02:22Z","timestamp":1784919742929,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":196,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hale Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020487","name":"Break Through Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 CA274276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 CA274276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020487","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016394","name":"Ludwig Center at Harvard","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016394","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI158488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI158488"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI169188"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI169188"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 CA224146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 CA224146"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014547","name":"Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Peter and Ann Lambertus Family Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005979","name":"Lustgarten Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005979","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001784","name":"Pancreatic Cancer Action Network","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001784","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50CA127003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50CA127003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 CA276268"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CA276268"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Growth factors, including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF; pegfilgrastim, filgrastim), are used for prophylaxis or treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, yet their effects on antitumour immunity remain incompletely understood. We previously found that serum from patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) treated with multiagent chemotherapy plus G-CSF drove differentiation of T cell-suppressive monocytes in vitro, suggesting that supportive care interventions may shape immune responses in this disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated the immunologic and therapeutic impact of G-CSF in two murine PDAC models that differ in their baseline frequencies of infiltrating T cells and in their responsiveness to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In poorly immunogenic, T-cell-low tumours, use of G-CSF did not affect tumour growth or response to chemo- or immunotherapy, although neutrophil recovery was improved in mice receiving FOLFIRINOX and G-CSF compared to chemotherapy alone. In immunogenic tumours with a robust endogenous T-cell response, combination anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapy resulted in durable tumour clearance. Combination with G-CSF diminished the effectiveness of checkpoint blockade and resulted in significantly fewer cured mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>G-CSF, commonly used for supportive care with FOLFIRINOX and other chemotherapy regimens, induces systemic immune suppression that can reduce the efficacy of T-cell-targeting immunotherapies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/immadv\/ltag013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T11:52:28Z","timestamp":1783597948000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Growth factor supportive care for chemotherapy-induced neutropenia suppresses antitumour immunity in checkpoint blockade-responsive pancreatic cancer"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8258-1755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brendan D","family":"Parent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony E","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amherst College , Amherst, MA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan T","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School , 350 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Dougan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J","family":"Aguirre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2263-363X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie K","family":"Dougan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, MA 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