{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T10:44:12Z","timestamp":1770288252902,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Amgen Corporation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI113130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI113130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Chronic immunosuppressive therapies are crucial in organ transplantation but can increase the risk of opportunistic infections and cancer over time. We investigated immune status changes in 10 kidney transplant patients and 11 age-matched healthy adults using broad in vitro stimulation of subject-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells followed by mass cytometry by time of flight over 6\u2009mo. Overall, the immune cells of transplant patients exhibited increased CD8+ T cell activation and differentiation compared with healthy donors, with elevated CD8+ CD57+, MIP-1\u03b2, and interferon \u03b3 production (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05, and P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01, respectively). CD107a and granzyme B expression were increased in CD8+ T cells and CD56bright natural killer cells (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05 and P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01, respectively), while T regulatory cells had decreased interleukin-10 production (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). These changes indicated a proinflammatory environment influenced by induction therapy and ongoing maintenance drugs. Additionally, transplant recipients displayed signs of immune modulation, including decreased tumor necrosis factor \u03b1, interferon \u03b3, and MIP-1\u03b2 expression in \u03b3\u03b4T cells (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05 and P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01), and reduced interleukin-17 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expression in CD8+ T memory cell subsets (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). The diverse functional changes underscore the importance of comprehensive immune status profiling for optimizing individual treatment strategies and developing better immunosuppressants that specifically target activated cell populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/immhor\/vlae013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T19:54:16Z","timestamp":1739908456000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Characterization of immune phenotypes in peripheral blood of adult renal transplant recipients using mass cytometry (CyTOF)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sangeeta","family":"Kowli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University , Stanford, CA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University , Stanford, CA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheroy","family":"Minocherhomji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amgen Inc. , Thousand Oaks, CA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis, IN 46285,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2798-0251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivia M","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University , Stanford, CA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1048-1621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephan","family":"Busque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University , Stanford, CA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5702-4164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herve","family":"Lebrec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amgen Inc. , Thousand Oaks, CA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Sonoma Biotherapeutics , South San Francisco, CA 94080,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0795-9946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holden T","family":"Maecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University , Stanford, CA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University , Stanford, CA,","place":["United 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