{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T19:37:11Z","timestamp":1789760231614,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Collaborative Influenza Vaccine Innovations Centers"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"US Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N93019C00052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N93019C00052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008065","name":"Georgia Research Alliance","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GRA-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRA-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The ferret is considered the \u201cgold standard\u201d animal model for influenza virus research. However, the mechanisms of the ferret humoral immune responses remain understudied. Here, the kinetic profile of the influenza A or B virus hemagglutinin (HA)\u2013specific primary antibody response was tracked until the contraction phase. Additionally, the acute humoral response following a secondary infection with a homosubtypic H1N1 influenza A virus was evaluated. In particular, the HA-binding reactivity in serum was quantified and the number of HA-specific antibody-secreting cells was evaluated in different immune compartments, including peripheral blood mononuclear cells, spleen, and mediastinal lymph nodes at multiple time points postinfection. Differences in Ig\u03ba and Ig\u03bb light chain (IgL) usage within the elicited HA-specific antibody response was observed after primary and secondary influenza virus infection. Ferrets had de novo humoral immune responses that were detected approximately 7 to 10\u2009days following influenza virus infection with an inherent Ig\u03bb serum antibody bias directed toward the HA head domain, with detectable hemagglutination inhibition activity. The Ig\u03bb bias was also extended to influenza B virus primary infections. Higher serum Ig\u03ba reactivity was detected following secondary influenza virus infection compared to the primary viral infection, which was directed toward the conserved H1 stem domain. Taken together, our findings confirm inherent IgL biases in the anti-HA antibody response expressed following influenza virus primary and secondary infections that result in a unique profile of antibody functional activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/immhor\/vlaf085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T13:37:19Z","timestamp":1769521039000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Delineation of the antibody light chain biases and kinetics following primary and secondary influenza virus infections of ferrets"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3702-8122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert A","family":"Richardson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia , Athens, GA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic , Port Saint Lucie, FL,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia , Athens, GA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia , Athens, GA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia , Athens, GA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greg A","family":"Kirchenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunobiology Department, Cellular Technology Limited, Shaker Heights , Cleveland, OH,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia , Athens, GA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia , Athens, GA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia , Athens, GA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia , Athens, GA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0273-2235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe A","family":"Sautto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic , Port Saint Lucie, FL,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1947-7469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ted M","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia , Athens, GA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic , Port Saint Lucie, FL,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia , Athens, GA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012708371135400_vlaf085-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27517","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027517","article-title":"Decoding the distribution of glycan receptors for human-adapted influenza a viruses in ferret respiratory tract","volume":"7","author":"Jayaraman","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS 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model","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"2026012708371135400_vlaf085-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707339","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.707339","article-title":"Evaluation of next-generation H3 influenza vaccines in ferrets pre-immune to historical H3N2 viruses","volume":"12","author":"Allen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026012708371135400_vlaf085-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3103.241485","article-title":"Influenza A(H5N1) immune response among ferrets with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 immunity","volume":"31","author":"Le Sage","year":"2025","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026012708371135400_vlaf085-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1012878","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012878","article-title":"Administration of antigenically distinct influenza viral particle combinations as an influenza vaccine 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