{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T08:35:38Z","timestamp":1771922138658,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI166578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI166578"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AI145323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI145323"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Classifying heterogeneous human B cells into discrete subsets based on surface phenotype alone remains a major challenge. We discovered a mouse splenic IgM+IgDlow\/\u2212 B-cell subset (BDL) that induces proliferation of CD4+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells, making them a therapeutic target for autoimmunity. Because they are rare and lack sufficient cell surface markers, a multiomics strategy is required to identify and track them in humans. The lack of correlation between mRNA expression levels and cell surface expression is a drawback to a transcriptome-only single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) approach because \u201cnovel\u201d cell populations identified by surface protein transcripts may prove impossible to validate. To that end, a method was developed using human peripheral blood (PB) IgM+IgDlow\/\u2212 B cells as a surrogate. A flow cytometry gating scheme (CD27 vs IgD and CD24 vs CD38) capturing all major human PB B-cell subsets was utilized. CD19+IgM+IgDlow\/\u2212 PB B cells were tagged with the 4 markers using cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing. Biaxial plots similar to flow cytometry were used to identify na\u00efve, immature, and memory B cells, and then confirmed with scRNA-seq. These studies using a multiomic workflow allowed the identification of IgM+IgDlow\/\u2212 B-cell subsets by cell surface expression that could subsequently be analyzed for unique transcriptional profiles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/immhor\/vlaf088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T23:15:17Z","timestamp":1770938117000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A method to unravel complexity in human peripheral blood B-cell subsets through multiomic cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) analyses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Nathan J","family":"Meinhardt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Versiti Blood Research Institute , Milwaukee, WI,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, WI,","place":["United 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