{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T20:29:36Z","timestamp":1793737776359,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease of the National Institutes of Health","award":["R01AI154539"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI154539"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease of the National Institutes of Health","award":["F32AI174673-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32AI174673-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health","award":["R01AG084752"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG084752"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Natural antibodies (NAbs), primarily produced by CD5+ B-1 cells, provide critical early protection against infections such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. The structure of these natural antibodies, germline-like with minimal N-additions, is essential for their protective capacity. The protective capacity and germline status of NAbs are compromised in aged male mice but maintained in aged female mice. CD5+ B-1 cells are maintained through self-renewal, necessary for maintaining germline-like natural antibodies, and this process depends on autophagy. Intermittent fasting enhances autophagy and stem cell self-renewal, suggesting that it may influence B-1 cell persistence and natural antibody structure. Young (4-wk-old) male and female mice were placed on a fasting regimen (24-h fast weekly) or fed ad libitum for 12\u2009wk. Here, we show that intermittent fasting modulates the antigen-specific natural IgM repertoire of young male and female mice, altering both peritoneal and splenic phosphatidylcholine-specific CD5+ B-1 cell repertoires, with the most pronounced effects in the spleen. Intermittent fasting increased the prevalence of germline-like (few N-additions) antibodies and led to an increase in VH11 usage, a variable gene mainly utilized during fetal development. Fasting also affected components of the serum repertoire; however, these effects differed between male and female mice. Female mice showed a significant decrease in phosphorylcholine- and pneumococcal polysaccharide serotype 3\u2013specific IgM levels, whereas male mice showed a significant increase in phosphatidylcholine-specific IgM levels. We also observed a significant decrease in splenic CD5+ B-1 cells and serum interleukin-5 levels after fasting. These results suggest that intermittent fasting may help preserve or restore protective NAbs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/immhor\/vlag038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T15:54:22Z","timestamp":1784303662000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intermittent fasting alters the antigen-specific CD5+ B-1 cell natural antibody repertoire in male and female mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Sarah E","family":"Webster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunobiology and the Department of Investigative Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine , Kalamazoo, MI,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Terry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunobiology and the Department of Investigative Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine , Kalamazoo, MI,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi L","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunobiology and the Department of Investigative Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine , Kalamazoo, MI,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daken","family":"Heck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunobiology and the Department of Investigative Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine , Kalamazoo, MI,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2671-6918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nichol E","family":"Holodick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunobiology and the Department of Investigative Medicine, Western 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