{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:46:43Z","timestamp":1790740003109,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]],"date-time":"2020-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Oxford Martin School, and Wellcome Trust are two separate sponsors","award":["102908\/Z\/13\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["102908\/Z\/13\/Z"]}]},{"name":"Oxford Martin School, and Wellcome Trust are two separate sponsors","award":["214374\/Z\/18\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["214374\/Z\/18\/Z"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plasmids are vehicles for horizontal gene transfer between bacteria, and in Neisseria gonorrhoeae plasmids can mediate high-level antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Using genomic and phylogenetic analyses, we show that plasmids are widespread in a collection of 3724 gonococcal isolates from 56 countries, and characterized the conjugative, \u03b2-lactamase and cryptic plasmids. We found that variants of the conjugative plasmid (which can mediate tetracycline resistance) and the \u03b2-lactamase plasmid expressing TEM-135 are associated with distinct gonococcal lineages. Furthermore, AMR plasmids are significantly more prevalent in gonococci from less wealthy countries, highlighting the need for further studies. More than 94% of gonococci possess the cryptic plasmid, with its absence correlated with the presence of a novel chromosomal type IV secretion system. Our results reveal the extent of plasmid-mediated AMR in the gonococcus, particularly in less wealthy countries, where diagnostic and therapeutic options can be limited, and highlight the risk of their global spread.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]],"date-time":"2020-01-09T20:08:36Z","timestamp":1578600516000},"page":"1826-1836","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Association of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Plasmids With Distinct Lineages and The Economic Status of Their Country of Origin"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"222","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5809-122X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Cehovin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith A","family":"Jolley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin C J","family":"Maiden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Odile B","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph M","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United 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