{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:18:13Z","timestamp":1777619893393,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AI027767"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AI027767"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on bone health and renal impairment in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in resource-limited settings are limited. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of calcaneal quantitative ultrasonography (QUS) in predicting bone mineral density (BMD) reduction in a population of Ugandan HIV-infected\u2005\u2005individuals receiving long-term antiretroviral therapy; the secondary end point was to assess the prevalence of proximal tubular dysfunction and the correlation between elevated urinary retinol-binding protein\u2013urinary creatinine ratio (uRBP\/uCr) and reduced BMD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. We included 101 HIV-infected\u2005adults who had been receiving continuous antiretroviral therapy for\u2005\u226510 years and had undergone dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) during the previous 12 months. All patients underwent calcaneal QUS evaluation and urine sample collection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>DXA BMD measurements were significantly associated (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.01) with calcaneal speed of sound, broadband ultrasound attenuation, and QUS index. Forty-seven individuals (47%) had abnormal uRBP\/uCr values. A significant inverse correlation was observed between uRBP\/uCr and DXA T scores (lumbar [P\u2005=\u2005.03], femoral neck [P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.001], and total hip [P\u2005=\u2005.002]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Calcaneal QUS results showed a moderate correlation with DXA outputs. The identified high prevalence of subclinical tubular impairment also highlights the importance of expanding access to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate\u2013sparing regimens in resource-limited settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T20:13:55Z","timestamp":1582834435000},"page":"263-272","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Calcaneal Quantitative Ultrasonography and Urinary Retinol-Binding Protein in Antiretroviral-Treated Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Uganda: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"222","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2255-1271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Scabini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arvind","family":"Kaimal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute\u2013Mulago Hospital, Research Department, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Kasozi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute\u2013Mulago Hospital, Research Department, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1977-9694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Cusato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin\u2013ASL \u201cCitt\u00e0 di Torino,\u201d Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bosco","family":"Kafufu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute\u2013Mulago Hospital, Research Department, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Borderi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola Hospital, \u201cAlma Mater Studiorum\u201d University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erisa","family":"Mwaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Di Perri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Lamorde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute\u2013Mulago Hospital, Research Department, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2534-8815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Calcagno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Castelnuovo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute\u2013Mulago Hospital, Research Department, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020062908341046300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32832ce85a","article-title":"Metabolic bone disease in HIV infection","volume":"23","author":"Borderi","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2020062908341046300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32801022eb","article-title":"Antiretroviral therapy and the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis: a meta-analytic 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