{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T17:27:13Z","timestamp":1786469233661,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]],"date-time":"2020-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81371840"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81371840"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81560703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81560703"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hubei Province Health and Family Planning Commission of ScientificResearch Project","award":["WJ2017M197"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WJ2017M197"]}]},{"name":"Hubei Province Health and Family Planning Commission of ScientificResearch Project","award":["WJ2019H313"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WJ2019H313"]}]},{"name":"Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2017CFB471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017CFB471"]}]},{"name":"Wuhan Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission of Clinical Medical Research Project","award":["WX16C19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WX16C19"]}]},{"name":"Wuhan Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission of Clinical Medical Research Project","award":["WX13A11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WX13A11"]}]},{"name":"Wuhan City Health and Family Planning Commission","award":["WX19M03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WX19M03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Encephalitis in hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a serious threat to children\u2019s health and life. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is an innate immune-recognition receptor that can recognize virus and initiate innate immune responses. Emodin has the effects of anti-inflammatory and regulating immune function, but the mechanism is not very clear.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cells and mice were pretreated with coxsackievirus B3m (CVB3) and treated with emodin. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein levels of TLR3 and downstream molecules were detected by quantitative real-time polymearse chain reaction and western blotting analysis, respectively. TLR3 expression was also downregulated by anti-TLR3 antibody (TLR3Ab) or small interfering RNA (siRNA). Pathological changes were assessed with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of TLR3 in brain tissues. The expression of interleukin (IL)-6, nuclear factor (NF)-\u03baB, and interferon (IFN)-\u03b2 in serum were tested with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Emodin decreased the mRNA and protein levels of TLR3 and downstream molecules in vitro and in vivo. After downregulating TLR3 using anti-TLR3Ab or siRNA, emodin could still decrease the mRNA and protein levels of TLR3 and downstream molecules. Emodin also displayed notable effects on pathology, TLR3 protein in brain tissues, and expression of IL-6, NF-\u03baB, IFN-\u03b2, in serum.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Emodin exerts a protective effect in CVB3-mediated encephalitis in HFMD by inhibiting the TLR3 pathway.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T20:17:20Z","timestamp":1582921040000},"page":"443-455","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Effect of Emodin on Coxsackievirus B3m-Mediated Encephalitis in Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease by Inhibiting Toll-Like Receptor 3 Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"222","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Medical and Health Center for Women and Children, Wuhan Children\u2019s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Hepatology, Yichang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yichang, Hubei Province, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang-bin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Liver Diseases, Hubei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People\u2019s Republic of 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