{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T11:08:08Z","timestamp":1770894488757,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001125","name":"Gavi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We investigated the pathogenesis of pneumococcal pneumonia using clinical specimens collected for pneumonia surveillance in The Gambia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lung aspirates and nasopharyngeal swabs from 31 patients were examined by culture, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), whole genome sequencing, serotyping, and reverse-transcription qPCR.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Five lung aspirates cultured pneumococci, with a matching strain identified in the nasopharynx. Three virulence genes including ply (pneumolysin) were upregulated\u2005&amp;gt;20-fold in the lung compared with the nasopharynx. Nasopharyngeal pneumococcal density was higher in pediatric pneumonia patients compared with controls (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.0001).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Findings suggest that changes in pneumococcal gene expression occurring in the lung environment may be important in pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T11:08:40Z","timestamp":1587467320000},"page":"1447-1451","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Insights Into Pneumococcal Pneumonia Using Lung Aspirates and Nasopharyngeal Swabs Collected From Pneumonia Patients in The Gambia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"225","author":[{"given":"Eileen M","family":"Dunne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Parkville, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinglei","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Parkville, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rasheed","family":"Salaudeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilias","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malick","family":"Ndiaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Belinda D","family":"Ortika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Parkville, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E Kim","family":"Mulholland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Parkville, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Hinds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George\u2019s University of London, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"BUGS Bioscience, London Bioscience Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Manna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Parkville, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grant A","family":"Mackenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children\u2019s 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