{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T06:29:03Z","timestamp":1768285743533,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006483","name":"AbbVie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006483","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006392","name":"AIDS Clinical Trials Group","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1 AI106701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 AI106701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006392","name":"AIDS Clinical Trials Group","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1 AI068634"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 AI068634"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Statistical and Data Management Center","award":["IK2CX001471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IK2CX001471"]}]},{"name":"Statistical and Data Management Center","award":["BX001894"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BX001894"]}]},{"name":"Statistical and Data Management Center","award":["CX001791"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX001791"]}]},{"name":"Statistical and Data Management Center","award":["K24DA034621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24DA034621"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) direct-acting antivirals are highly effective. Less is known about changes in markers of immune activation in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in whom a sustained virologic response (SVR) is achieved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a nonrandomized clinical trial of 12 or 24 weeks of paritaprevir-ritonavir-ombitasvir plus dasabuvir (PrOD) with or without ribavirin in persons with HCV-1\/HIV coinfection suppressed with antiretroviral therapy. Plasma HCV, soluble CD14 (sCD14), interferon-inducible protein 10, soluble CD163 (sCD163), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 18, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), autotaxin (ATX), and Mac2-binding protein (Mac2BP) were measured over 48 weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were treated with PrOD for 12 (n = 9) or 24 (n = 36) weeks; the SVR rate at 12 weeks was 93%. At baseline, cirrhosis was associated with higher ATX and MCP-1, female sex with higher ATX and IL-6, older age with higher Mac2BP, higher body mass index with higher ATX, and HIV-1 protease inhibitor use with higher sCD14 levels. In those with SVR, interferon-inducible protein 10, ATX, and Mac2BP levels declined by week 2, interleukin 18 levels declined by the end of treatment, sCD14 levels did not change, and sCD163, MCP-1, and IL-6 levels changed at a single time point.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>During HIV\/HCV coinfection, plasma immune activation marker heterogeneity is in part attributable to age, sex, cirrhosis, body mass index, and\/or type of antiretroviral therapy. HCV treatment with paritaprevir-ritonavir-ombitasvir plus dasabuvir is highly effective and is associated with variable rate and magnitude of decline in markers of immune activation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Trials Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>NCT02194998.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]],"date-time":"2020-05-07T11:09:06Z","timestamp":1588849746000},"page":"1334-1344","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus\u2013HCV Genotype 1 Coinfection Resulting in High Rate of Sustained Virologic Response and Variable in Normalization of Soluble Markers of Immune Activation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"222","author":[{"given":"Donald D","family":"Anthony","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Pathology, VA Medical Center and MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, ACTG Immunology Support Laboratory, Cleveland Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark S","family":"Sulkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura M","family":"Smeaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofi","family":"Damjanovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Pathology, VA Medical Center and MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, ACTG Immunology Support Laboratory, Cleveland Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carey L","family":"Shive","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Pathology, VA Medical Center and MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, ACTG Immunology Support Laboratory, Cleveland Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Corinne M","family":"Kowal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Pathology, VA Medical Center and MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, ACTG Immunology Support Laboratory, Cleveland Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel E","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debika","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beverly L","family":"Alston-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of AIDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashwin","family":"Balagopal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David L","family":"Wyles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020121823594133900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1086\/319747","article-title":"Mortality among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma due to hepatitis C virus in French departments of internal medicine\/infectious diseases, in 1995 and 1997","volume":"32","author":"Cacoub","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020121823594133900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03232-3","article-title":"Clinical progression, survival, and immune recovery during antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV-1 and hepatitis C virus coinfection: the Swiss HIV Cohort 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