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Using transcriptional profiling, we demonstrate the impact of interleukin-10 (IL-10), a cytokine implicated in VL, on this response. SLA stimulation identified 28 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 17\/28 in a single network with TNF as hub. SLA plus anti\u2013IL-10 produced 454 DEGs, 292 in a single network with TNF, IFNG, NFKBIA, IL6, and IL1B as hubs in concert with a remarkable chemokine\/cytokine storm. Our data demonstrate the singular effect of IL-10 as a potent immune modulator in VL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,25]],"date-time":"2020-06-25T11:12:56Z","timestamp":1593083576000},"page":"517-521","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Anti\u2013Interleukin-10 Unleashes Transcriptional Response to Leishmanial Antigens in Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"223","author":[{"given":"Om Prakash","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Genevieve","family":"Syn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Nyl\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Engwerda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Sacks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary E","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajiv","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India"},{"name":"Centre for Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaya","family":"Chakravarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shyam","family":"Sundar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenefer M","family":"Blackwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Fakiola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"},{"name":"National Institute of Molecular Genetics \u201cRomeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,\u201d Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]]},"reference":[{"author":"World","key":"2021021308280477100_CIT0001"},{"key":"2021021308280477100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.138.3.908","article-title":"An analysis of T cell responsiveness in Indian kala-azar","volume":"138","author":"Sacks","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2021021308280477100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00143-12","article-title":"Reassessment of immune correlates in human visceral leishmaniasis as defined by cytokine release in whole blood","volume":"19","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"2021021308280477100_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3198","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003198","article-title":"Leishmania specific CD4 T cells release IFN\u03b3 that limits parasite replication in patients with visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"8","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2021021308280477100_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111107","article-title":"Killing of intracellular Leishmania donovani by lymphokine-stimulated human mononuclear phagocytes. 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