{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T15:25:06Z","timestamp":1759159506319,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,4]],"date-time":"2020-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018537","name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017ZX10104001","2018ZX10713002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017ZX10104001","2018ZX10713002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>China implemented the globally synchronized switch from trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV) to bivalent OPV (bOPV) and introduced 1 dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine on 1 May 2016. We assessed the impact of the switch on the immunity level against poliovirus, especially type 2.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Children born between 2014 and 2017, who were brought to the hospitals in Urumqi city, Xinjiang Province in 2017, were enrolled and blood samples were collected to test for antibody titers against poliovirus. A comparison of seroprevalence between the children born before (preswitch group) and after the switch (postswitch group) was performed to assess the impact of the switch on the immunity level against polio.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 172 subjects were enrolled. The overall seroprevalences were 98.8%, 79.1%, and 98.3% for types 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Seroprevalence for type 2 significantly decreased from 91.6% in the preswitch group to 67.4% in the postswitch group, but no statistically significant change was observed for both types 1 and 3.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The switch from tOPV to bOPV can provide high-level immunity against types 1 and 3 but not against type 2, indicating a high risk of type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus emergence and transmission.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T19:10:35Z","timestamp":1593803435000},"page":"113-118","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Implication of a High Risk for Type 2 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Emergence and Transmission After the Switch From Trivalent to Bivalent Oral Poliovirus Vaccine"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"223","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5558-3018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongmei","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office Regional Reference Poliomyelitis Laboratory and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office Regional Reference Poliomyelitis Laboratory and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2692-5437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office Regional Reference Poliomyelitis Laboratory and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaolei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office Regional Reference Poliomyelitis Laboratory and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haishu","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office Regional Reference Poliomyelitis Laboratory and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuangli","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office Regional Reference Poliomyelitis Laboratory and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenbo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office Regional Reference Poliomyelitis Laboratory and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,4]]},"reference":[{"author":"Global Polio Eradication Initiative","key":"2021010414101641100_CIT0001"},{"author":"World Health Organization","key":"2021010414101641100_CIT0002"},{"author":"Global Polio Eradication Initiative","key":"2021010414101641100_CIT0003"},{"key":"2021010414101641100_CIT0004","first-page":"16","article-title":"Circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses: current state of knowledge","volume":"82","author":"Kew","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"author":"Global Polio Eradication Initiative","key":"2021010414101641100_CIT0005"},{"key":"2021010414101641100_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-101416-041749","article-title":"Breaking the last chains of poliovirus transmission: progress and challenges in global polio eradication","volume":"5","author":"Kew","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu Rev Virol"},{"author":"Global Polio Eradication Initiative","key":"2021010414101641100_CIT0007"},{"key":"2021010414101641100_CIT0008","first-page":"1","article-title":"Meeting of the strategic advisory group of experts on immunization, November 2013\u2014conclusions and recommendations","volume":"89","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"2021010414101641100_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6845a4","article-title":"Update on vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks\u2014 worldwide, January 2018-June 2019","volume":"68","author":"Jorba","year":"2019","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2021010414101641100_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.10.005","article-title":"The global polio eradication initiative: lessons learned and prospects for success","volume":"29","author":"Aylward","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2021010414101641100_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00196-14","article-title":"Limited and localized outbreak of newly emergent type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus in Sichuan, China","volume":"21","author":"Yan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"2021010414101641100_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.09.023","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of inactivated poliovirus vaccine made from Sabin strains: a phase II, randomized, dose-finding trial","volume":"36","author":"Chu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2021010414101641100_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1303368","article-title":"Identification and control of a poliomyelitis outbreak in Xinjiang, China","volume":"369","author":"Luo","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"volume-title":"Manual for the virological investigation of polio. WHO\/EPI\/GEN\/97.01.EPI","year":"1997","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","key":"2021010414101641100_CIT0014"},{"author":"World Health Organization","key":"2021010414101641100_CIT0015"},{"key":"2021010414101641100_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6916a1","article-title":"Update on vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks\u2014worldwide, July 2019-February 2020","volume":"69","author":"Alleman","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2021010414101641100_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.46234\/ccdcw2020.045","article-title":"Detection and initial response to a type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus\u2014Sichuan Province, China, 2019","volume":"2","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"China CDC Wkly"},{"key":"2021010414101641100_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz124","article-title":"Rapid disappearance of poliovirus type 2 (PV2) immunity in young children following withdrawal of oral PV2-containing vaccine in Vietnam","volume":"220","author":"Huyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021010414101641100_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.01.022","article-title":"Assessment of poliovirus antibody seroprevalence in polio high risk areas of West Africa","volume":"36","author":"Guindo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2021010414101641100_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.02.055","article-title":"Seroprevalence of anti-polio antibodies in children from polio high risk area of Afghanistan: a cross sectional survey 2017","volume":"36","author":"Hussain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2021010414101641100_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00092-13","article-title":"Seroprevalence of antipolio antibodies among children &lt;15 years of age in border provinces in China","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"2021010414101641100_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz549","article-title":"Immunogenicity of oral polio vaccine and Salk inactive polio vaccine against Xinjiang imported type 1 wild poliovirus","volume":"70","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021010414101641100_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00703-0","article-title":"Humoral and intestinal immunity induced by new schedules of bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine and one or two doses of inactivated poliovirus vaccine in Latin American infants: an open-label randomised controlled trial","volume":"388","author":"Asturias","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021010414101641100_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00237-8","article-title":"Immunogenicity of a new routine vaccination schedule for global poliomyelitis prevention: an open-label, randomised controlled trial","volume":"386","author":"Sutter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021010414101641100_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix577","article-title":"Immunogenicity of different routine poliovirus vaccination schedules: a randomized, controlled trial in Karachi, Pakistan","volume":"217","author":"Saleem","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021010414101641100_CIT0026","first-page":"329","article-title":"Meeting of the strategic advisory group of experts on immunization, April 2018\u2014conclusions and recommendations","volume-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec","author":"World Health","year":"2018"},{"author":"National Health Commission of the Peoples\u2019s Republic of China","key":"2021010414101641100_CIT0027"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa386\/33575261\/jiaa386.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/223\/1\/113\/35388144\/jiaa386.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/223\/1\/113\/35388144\/jiaa386.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T19:14:19Z","timestamp":1609787659000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/223\/1\/113\/5867493"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,4]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa386","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-1899"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1537-6613"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,4]]}}}