{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T12:33:53Z","timestamp":1786624433253,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":3,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008247","name":"University of Otago","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008247","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In Indonesia, BCG vaccine protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection decreased with increasing exposure to the pathogen. We aimed to validate these findings in Africa. Poisson regression was used to estimate BCG protection, stratified by pathogen exposure using an exposure score, against enzyme-linked immunospot assay conversion at 3 months in 220 Gambian case contacts. Although the interaction between BCG and exposure was not significant (P = .13), BCG protection was strongest in the lowest-exposure tertile (relative risk, 0.35 [95% confidence interval, .15\u2013.82; P = .02] vs 0.50 [.30\u2013.83; P = .008] and 0.71 (.45\u20131.13; P = .1] for the middle and highest-exposure tertiles, respectively. These results are consistent with those from Indonesia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T19:10:35Z","timestamp":1593803435000},"page":"719-720","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["BCG Vaccine Protection Against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i> Infection by Level of Exposure in The Gambia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"223","author":[{"given":"Nicola","family":"Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for international Health, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayesha J","family":"Verrall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Donkor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TB Research Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at LSHTM, Fajara, The Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayne S","family":"Sutherland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TB Research Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at LSHTM, Fajara, The Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip C","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for international Health, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021022419585916500_CIT0001","first-page":"1351","article-title":"Early clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: the INFECT case contact cohort study in Indonesia","volume":"221","author":"Verrall","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021022419585916500_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e192","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040192","article-title":"Longitudinal assessment of an ELISPOT test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection","volume":"4","author":"Hill","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2021022419585916500_CIT0003","first-page":"1132","article-title":"BCG scars in northern Malawi: sensitivity and repeatability of scar reading, and factors affecting scar size","volume":"12","author":"Floyd","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa411\/33620009\/jiaa411.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/223\/4\/719\/36355779\/jiaa411.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/223\/4\/719\/36355779\/jiaa411.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]],"date-time":"2021-02-24T19:59:10Z","timestamp":1614196750000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/223\/4\/719\/5868549"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]]},"references-count":3,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa411","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]]}}}