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However, the underlying host immune determinants and viral factors rendering some individuals unable to maintain HSV-2 latency are largely unknown. We collected a cohort of 15 patients diagnosed with Mollaret meningitis. By whole-exome sequencing we identified rare host genetic variants predicted to be deleterious in molecules involved in (1) ubiquitin-proteasome pathways, (2) the autophagy machinery, and (3) cell proliferation\/apoptosis. Moreover, infection of patient cells with HSV-2 or stimulation by virus-derived double-stranded DNA ligands revealed reduced antiviral interferon responses in most patients. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of disease pathogenesis and protective immunity to HSV in the central nervous system, and may ultimately be of importance for identification of targets for development of improved prophylaxis and treatment of this disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T12:21:44Z","timestamp":1600345304000},"page":"1776-1786","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Whole-Exome Sequencing of Patients With Recurrent HSV-2 Lymphocytic Mollaret Meningitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"223","author":[{"given":"Alon Schneider","family":"Hait","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle M","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon M","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2370-1657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Helleberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maibritt","family":"Mardahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toke S","family":"Barfod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal medicine, Section for Infectious Diseases, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mette","family":"Christiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal medicine, Section for Infectious Diseases, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonology and Infectious Diseases, Nordsj\u00e6llands Hospital, Hiller\u00f8d, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1853-9704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trine H","family":"Mogensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021052811201415600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-5-199409010-00004","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus infection as a cause of benign recurrent lymphocytic meningitis","volume":"121","author":"Tedder","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2021052811201415600_CIT0002","first-page":"1","article-title":"La meningite endothelio-leucocytaire multirecurrente benigne syndrome nouveau ou maladie nouvelle\u2013documents humoraux et 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