{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T20:39:18Z","timestamp":1772138358411,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]],"date-time":"2020-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI093615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI093615"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24AI113002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24AI113002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19AI089674"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AI089674"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012728","name":"Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN261200800001E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN261200800001E"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012728","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and their HLA ligands influence the outcome of many infectious diseases. We analyzed the relationship of compound KIR-HLA genotypes with risk of Plasmodium falciparum infection in a longitudinal cohort of 890 Ugandan individuals. We found that presence of HLA-C2 and HLA-Bw4, ligands for inhibitory KIR2DL1 and KIR3DL1, respectively, increased the likelihood of P. falciparum parasitemia in an additive manner. Individuals homozygous for HLA-C2, which mediates strong inhibition via KIR2DL1, had the highest odds of parasitemia, HLA-C1\/C2 heterozygotes had intermediate odds, and individuals homozygous for HLA-C1, which mediates weaker inhibition through KIR2DL2\/3, had the lowest odds of parasitemia. In addition, higher surface expression of HLA-C, the ligand for inhibitory KIR2DL1\/2\/3, was associated with a higher likelihood of parasitemia. Together these data indicate that stronger KIR-mediated inhibition confers a higher risk of P. falciparum parasitemia and suggest that KIR-expressing effector cells play a role in mediating antiparasite immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T15:11:27Z","timestamp":1604589087000},"page":"175-183","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Association of Inhibitory Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor Ligands With Higher\n                    <i>Plasmodium falciparum<\/i>\n                    Parasite Prevalence"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"224","author":[{"given":"Jean C","family":"Digitale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Perri C","family":"Callaway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"},{"name":"Infectious Disease and Immunity Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 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Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moses","family":"Kamya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Carrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Ragon Institute of MGH MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Rodriguez-Barraquer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2515-2989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret E","family":"Feeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070214464015300_CIT0001","volume-title":"World malaria report 2017","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018"},{"key":"2021070214464015300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-020-02142-6","article-title":"Human genetics and malaria resistance","volume":"139","author":"Kariuki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum 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