{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T02:30:12Z","timestamp":1784601012426,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000288","name":"Royal Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101285\/Z\/13\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101285\/Z\/13\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000288","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Resistance to major public health insecticides in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire has intensified and now threatens the long-term effectiveness of malaria vector control interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluated the bioefficacy of conventional and next-generation long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), determined resistance profiles, and characterized molecular and metabolic mechanisms in wild Anopheles coluzzii from Southeast C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire in 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Phenotypic resistance was intense: &amp;gt;25% of mosquitoes survived exposure to 10 times the doses of pyrethroids required to kill susceptible populations. Similarly, the 24-hour mortality rate with deltamethrin-only LLINs was very low and not significantly different from that with an untreated net. Sublethal pyrethroid exposure did not induce significant delayed vector mortality effects 72 hours later. In contrast, LLINs containing the synergist piperonyl butoxide, or new insecticides clothianidin and chlorfenapyr, were highly toxic to A. coluzzii. Pyrethroid-susceptible A. coluzzii were significantly more likely to be infected with malaria, compared with those that survived insecticidal exposure. Pyrethroid resistance was associated with significant overexpression of CYP6P4, CYP6P3, and CYP6Z1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Study findings raise concerns regarding the operational failure of standard LLINs and support the urgent deployment of vector control interventions incorporating piperonyl butoxide, chlorfenapyr, or clothianidin in areas of high resistance intensity in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]],"date-time":"2020-11-02T15:12:08Z","timestamp":1604329928000},"page":"1424-1434","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Association of Reduced Long-Lasting Insecticidal Net Efficacy and Pyrethroid Insecticide Resistance With Overexpression of\n                    <i>CYP6P4<\/i>\n                    ,\n                    <i>CYP6P3,<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>CYP6Z1<\/i>\n                    in Populations of\n                    <i>Anopheles coluzzii<\/i>\n                    From Southeast C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"225","author":[{"given":"Anne","family":"Meiwald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mojca","family":"Kristan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constant","family":"Edi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Abidjan, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire L","family":"Jeffries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bethanie","family":"Pelloquin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth R","family":"Irish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US President\u2019s Malaria Initiative and Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3107-6214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louisa A","family":"Messenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022041907564673500_CIT0001","volume-title":"Enqu\u00eate de pr\u00e9valence parasitaire du paludisme et de l\u2019an\u00e9mie en C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire 2016","author":"Institut National de la Statistique, Programme National de Lutte Contre le Paludisme, and ICF","year":"2016"},{"key":"2022041907564673500_CIT0002","author":"USAID","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022041907564673500_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30844-4","article-title":"Insecticide-resistant malaria vectors must be tackled","volume":"391","author":"Killeen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022041907564673500_CIT0004","first-page":"291","article-title":"Resistance of Anopheles gambiae s.s. to pyrethroids in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire","volume":"73","author":"Elissa","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Soc Belg 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