{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:05:46Z","timestamp":1792785946294,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","funder":[{"name":"Clinical Trials Agreement","award":["FDA BB-IND 7920"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDA BB-IND 7920"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-CP-11005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-CP-11005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Factors that lead human papillomavirus (HPV) infections to persist and progress to cancer are not fully understood. We evaluated co-factors for acquisition, persistence, and progression of non\u2013HPV-16\/18 infections among HPV-vaccinated women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed 2153 women aged 18\u201325 years randomized to the HPV-vaccine arm of the Costa Rica HPV Vaccine Trial. Women were HPV DNA negative for all types at baseline and followed for approximately 11 years. Generalized estimating equation methods were used to account for correlated observations. Time-dependent factors evaluated were age, sexual behavior, marital status, hormonally related factors, number of full-term pregnancies (FTPs), smoking behavior, and baseline body mass index.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1777 incident oncogenic non\u2013HPV-16\/18 infections were detected in 12 292 visits (average, 0.14 infections\/visit). Age and sexual behavior\u2013related variables were associated with oncogenic non\u2013HPV-16\/18 acquisition. Twenty-six percent of incident infections persisted for \u22651 year. None of the factors evaluated were statistically associated with persistence of oncogenic non\u2013HPV-16\/18 infections. Risk of progression to Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia grade 2 or worst (CIN2+) increased with increasing age (P for trend = .001), injectable contraceptive use (relative risk, 2.61 [95% confidence interval, 1.19\u20135.73] ever vs never), and increasing FTPs (P for trend = .034).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a cohort of HPV-16\/18\u2013vaccinated women, age and sexual behavior variables are associated with acquisition of oncogenic non\u2013HPV-16\/18 infections; no notable factors are associated with persistence of acquired infections; and age, parity, and hormonally related exposures are associated with progression to CIN2+.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]],"date-time":"2020-12-12T01:15:31Z","timestamp":1607735731000},"page":"503-516","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Risk Factors for Non\u2013Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Type 16\/18 Cervical Infections and Associated Lesions Among HPV DNA\u2013Negative Women Vaccinated Against HPV-16\/18 in the Costa Rica Vaccine Trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"224","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1286-057X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica S","family":"Sierra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina H","family":"Tsang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shangying","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Porras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agencia Costarricense de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas, formerly Proyecto Epidemiol\u00f3gico Guanacaste, Fundaci\u00f3n INCIENSA, San Jos\u00e9, Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolando","family":"Herrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agencia Costarricense de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas, formerly Proyecto Epidemiol\u00f3gico Guanacaste, Fundaci\u00f3n INCIENSA, San Jos\u00e9, Costa Rica"},{"name":"Prevention and Implementation Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aim\u00e9e R","family":"Kreimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Schussler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Management Services, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Boland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0223-2388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernal","family":"Cortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agencia Costarricense de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas, formerly Proyecto Epidemiol\u00f3gico Guanacaste, Fundaci\u00f3n INCIENSA, San Jos\u00e9, Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana C","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Consultant, San Jos\u00e9, Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"Quint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Rijswijk, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leen-Jan","family":"van Doorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Rijswijk, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Schiffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua N","family":"Sampson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0257-2363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allan","family":"Hildesheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Costa Rica Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Trial (CVT) Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernal","family":"Cort\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolando","family":"Herrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia E","family":"Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Porras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Cecilia","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Hildesheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aim\u00e9e R","family":"Kreimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas R","family":"Lowy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Schiffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John T","family":"Schiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Sherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sholom","family":"Wacholder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ligia A","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Troy J","family":"Kemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary K","family":"Sidawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"Quint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leen-Jan","family":"van Doorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Struijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel M","family":"Palefsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa M","family":"Darragh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark H","family":"Stoler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0001","first-page":"1","article-title":"Biological agents. Volume 100 B. A review of human carcinogens","volume":"100","author":"International Agency for Research on Cancer Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans","year":"2012","journal-title":"IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0002","author":"Bruni","year":"2019"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2017.08.015","article-title":"The natural history of human papillomavirus infection","volume":"47","author":"de Sanjos\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2017.04.004","article-title":"HPV vaccines\u2014a review of the first decade","volume":"146","author":"Harper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2018.1471986","article-title":"Human papillomavirus vaccination and the role of herd effects in future cancer control planning: a review","volume":"17","author":"Malag\u00f3n","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.07.002","article-title":"Rationale and design of a community-based double-blind randomized clinical trial of an HPV 16 and 18 vaccine in Guanacaste, Costa Rica","volume":"26","author":"Herrero","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.03.015","article-title":"Rationale and design of a long term follow-up study of women who did and did not receive HPV 16\/18 vaccination in Guanacaste, Costa Rica","volume":"33","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30524-6","article-title":"Efficacy of the bivalent HPV vaccine against HPV 16\/18-associated precancer: long-term follow-up results from the Costa Rica Vaccine Trial","volume":"21","author":"Porras","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2508","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.8.2508-2517.1999","article-title":"Development and clinical evaluation of a highly sensitive PCR-reverse hybridization line probe assay for detection and identification of anogenital human papillomavirus","volume":"37","author":"Kleter","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3292","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00539-06","article-title":"Highly effective detection of human papillomavirus 16 and 18 DNA by a testing algorithm combining broad-spectrum and type-specific PCR","volume":"44","author":"van Doorn","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01794-18","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01794-18","article-title":"Development of the TypeSeq assay for detection of 51 human papillomavirus genotypes by next-generation sequencing","volume":"57","author":"Wagner","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz324","article-title":"Evaluation of TypeSeq, a novel high-throughput, low-cost, next-generation sequencing-based assay for detection of 51 human papillomavirus genotypes","volume":"220","author":"Wagner","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-09-0546","article-title":"Marginal and mixed-effects models in the analysis of human papillomavirus natural history data","volume":"19","author":"Xue","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e011371","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011371","article-title":"Incidence and duration of type-specific human papillomavirus infection in high-risk HPV-na\u00efve women: results from the control arm of a phase II HPV-16\/18 vaccine trial","volume":"6","author":"Ramanakumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.128893","article-title":"The interval between menarche and age of first sexual intercourse as a risk factor for subsequent HPV infection in adolescent and young adult women","volume":"141","author":"Kahn","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318194eb76","article-title":"Cervical human papillomavirus incidence and persistence in a cohort of HIV-negative women in Zimbabwe","volume":"36","author":"Fukuchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.02.018","article-title":"Age distribution of HPV genotypes in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia","volume":"121","author":"Sideri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.10.020","article-title":"HPV16 is associated with younger age in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 and 3","volume":"124","author":"Baandrup","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-10-0251","article-title":"Human papillomavirus genotypes in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3","volume":"19","author":"Castle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djn510","article-title":"Human papillomavirus genotype distributions: implications for vaccination and cancer screening in the United States","volume":"101","author":"Wheeler","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61684-5","article-title":"Cervical cancer and hormonal contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of individual data for 16 573 women with cervical cancer and 35\u2008509 women without cervical cancer from 24 epidemiological studies","volume":"370","author":"International Collaboration of Epidemiological Studies of Cervical Cancer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12949-2","article-title":"Cervical cancer and use of hormonal contraceptives: a systematic review","volume":"361","author":"Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.02.002","article-title":"Lifetime cancer risk and combined oral contraceptives: the Royal College of General Practitioners\u2019 Oral Contraception Study","volume":"216","author":"Iversen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2011.558953","article-title":"Smoking habit, immune suppression, oral contraceptive use, and hormone replacement therapy use and cervical carcinogenesis: a review of the literature","volume":"27","author":"Gadducci","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2009.009280","article-title":"Co-factors of high-risk human papillomavirus infections display unique profiles in incident CIN1, CIN2 and CIN3","volume":"22","author":"Syrj\u00e4nen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2010.03.005","article-title":"Estrogen and ERalpha: culprits in cervical cancer?","volume":"21","author":"Chung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001182","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001182","article-title":"Injectable and oral contraceptive use and cancers of the breast, cervix, ovary, and endometrium in black South African women: case-control study","volume":"9","author":"Urban","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2012.11.003","article-title":"The role of co-factors in the progression from human papillomavirus infection to cervical cancer","volume":"128","author":"Luhn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0147029","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147029","article-title":"The influence of hormonal factors on the risk of developing cervical cancer and pre-cancer: results from the EPIC cohort","volume":"11","author":"Roura","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2012.513","article-title":"Parity as a cofactor for high-grade cervical disease among women with persistent human papillomavirus infection: a 13-year follow-up","volume":"108","author":"Jensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21953","article-title":"Cervical carcinoma and reproductive factors: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 16 563 women with cervical carcinoma and 33 542 women without cervical carcinoma from 25 epidemiological studies","volume":"119","author":"International Collaboration of Epidemiological Studies of Cervical Cancer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e030091","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-030091","article-title":"Is the risk of cervical atypia associated with the interval between menarche and the start of sexual activity? A population-based cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Adhikari","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1159\/000320742","article-title":"Hormonal contraceptives and the length of their use are not independent risk factors for high-risk HPV infections or high-grade CIN","volume":"71","author":"Longatto-Filho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13291","article-title":"Is oral contraceptive use associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer? An evidence-based meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Peng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofz486","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz486","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection before and after pregnancy: pooled analysis of the control arms of efficacy trials of HPV-16\/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2013.01.012","article-title":"Type-specific persistence and associated risk factors of human papillomavirus infections in women living in central Italy","volume":"168","author":"Sammarco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-06-0556","article-title":"Reproductive factors, oral contraceptive use, and human papillomavirus infection: pooled analysis of the IARC HPV prevalence surveys","volume":"15","author":"Vaccarella","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29719","article-title":"Factors associated with type-specific persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection: a population-based study","volume":"138","author":"Stensen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-08-1186","article-title":"Cervical carcinoma and sexual behavior: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 15 461 women with cervical carcinoma and 29 164 women without cervical carcinoma from 21 epidemiological studies","volume":"18","author":"International Collaboration of Epidemiological Studies of Cervical Cancer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22357","article-title":"Comparison of risk factors for invasive squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the cervix: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 8097 women with squamous cell carcinoma and 1374 women with adenocarcinoma from 12 epidemiological studies","volume":"120","author":"International Collaboration of Epidemiological Studies of Cervical Cancer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(11)70223-6","article-title":"Intrauterine device use, cervical infection with human papillomavirus, and risk of cervical cancer: a pooled analysis of 26 epidemiological studies","volume":"12","author":"Castellsagu\u00e9","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2021080216315059900_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23282","article-title":"Members of the human papillomavirus type 18 family (alpha-7 species) share a common association with adenocarcinoma of the cervix","volume":"122","author":"Clifford","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa768\/35922438\/jiaa768.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/224\/3\/503\/39541933\/jiaa768.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/224\/3\/503\/39541933\/jiaa768.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T19:52:48Z","timestamp":1698436368000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/224\/3\/503\/6039229"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa768","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]]}}}