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For individuals infected with both Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the risk of active TB is 10% or more annually. Previously, we identified in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) a region on chromosome 5 associated with resistance to TB, which included epigenetic marks that could influence gene regulation. We hypothesized that HIV-infected individuals exposed to Mtb who remain disease free carry epigenetic changes that strongly protect them from active TB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a methylome-wide study in HIV-infected, TB-exposed cohorts from Uganda and Tanzania and integrated data from our GWAS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 3 regions of interest that included markers that were differentially methylated between TB cases and controls with latent TB infection: chromosome 1 (RNF220, P\u2005=\u20054\u2005\u00d7\u200510\u20135), chromosome 2 (between COPS8 and COL6A3, P\u2005=\u20052.7\u2005\u00d7\u200510\u20135), and chromosome 5 (CEP72, P\u2005=\u20051.3\u2005\u00d7\u200510\u20135). These methylation results co-localized with associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), methylation QTLs, and methylation\u2005\u00d7\u2005SNP interaction effects. These markers were in regions with regulatory markers for cells involved in TB immunity and\/or lung.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Epigenetic regulation is a potential biologic factor underlying resistance to TB in immunocompromised individuals that can act in conjunction with genetic variants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T15:16:40Z","timestamp":1609773400000},"page":"695-704","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Methylome-wide Analysis Reveals Epigenetic Marks Associated With Resistance to Tuberculosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus\u2013Infected Individuals From East Africa"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"224","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9763-5023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine M","family":"Stein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Penelope","family":"Benchek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacquelaine","family":"Bartlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Robert P","family":"Igo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafal S","family":"Sobota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Chervenak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harriet","family":"Mayanja-Kizza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Mulago Hospital, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C Fordham","family":"von Reyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Lahey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William S","family":"Bush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W Henry","family":"Boom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William K","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John P. 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