{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T23:25:37Z","timestamp":1767828337921,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/igo\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Burkina Faso, a country in Africa\u2019s meningitis belt, introduced 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in October 2013, with 3 primary doses given at 8, 12 and 16 weeks of age. To assess whether the new PCV13 program controlled pneumococcal carriage, we evaluated overall and serotype-specific colonization among children and adults during the first 3 years after introduction.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted 2 population-based, cross-sectional, age-stratified surveys in 2015 and 2017 in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso. We used standardized questionnaires to collect sociodemographic, epidemiologic, and vaccination data. Consenting eligible participants provided nasopharyngeal (all ages) and oropharyngeal (\u22655 years only) swab specimens. Swab specimens were plated onto blood agar either directly (2015) or after broth enrichment (2017). Pneumococci were serotyped by conventional multiplex polymerase chain reaction. We assessed vaccine effect by comparing the proportion of vaccine-type (VT) carriage among colonized individuals from a published baseline survey (2008) with each post-PCV survey.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We recruited 992 (2015) and 1005 (2017) participants. Among children aged &amp;lt;5 years, 42.8% (2015) and 74.0% (2017) received \u22652 PCV13 doses. Among pneumococcal carriers aged &amp;lt;1 year, VT carriage declined from 55.8% in 2008 to 36.9% in 2017 (difference, 18.9%; 95% confidence interval, 1.9%\u201335.9%; P = .03); among carriers aged 1\u20134 years, VT carriage declined from 55.3% to 31.8% (difference, 23.5%; 6.8%\u201340.2%; P = .004); and among participants aged \u22655 years, no significant change was observed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Within 3 years of PCV13 implementation in Burkina Faso, we documented substantial reductions in the percentage of pneumococcal carriers with a VT among children aged &amp;lt;5 years, but not among persons aged \u22655 years. More time, a change in the PCV13 schedule, or both, may be needed to better control pneumococcal carriage in this setting.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T15:18:18Z","timestamp":1611242298000},"page":"S258-S266","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Pneumococcal Carriage in Burkina Faso After 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction: Results From 2 Cross-sectional Population-Based Surveys"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"224","author":[{"given":"Lassan\u00e9","family":"Kabor\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agence de M\u00e9decine Pr\u00e9ventive, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"},{"name":"Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tolulope","family":"Adebanjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for 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Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Srinivasan","family":"Velusamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brice","family":"Bicaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flavien","family":"Ak\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Davycas International, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lesley","family":"McGee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seydou","family":"Yaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edouard","family":"Betsem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agence de M\u00e9decine Pr\u00e9ventive, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"},{"name":"Pfizer, Paris, France"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaound\u00e9 1, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Gervaix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bradford D","family":"Gessner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agence de M\u00e9decine Pr\u00e9ventive, Paris, France"},{"name":"Pfizer, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia G","family":"Whitney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer C","family":"Mo\u00efsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer, Paris, France"},{"name":"Agence de M\u00e9decine Pr\u00e9ventive, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris A","family":"Van Beneden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of 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