{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T07:25:16Z","timestamp":1774682716585,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,15]],"date-time":"2021-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Alabama\/North Carolina Regional STD\/HIV Preventive Training Center","award":["NU62PS924587"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU62PS924587"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018336","name":"Health Protection Research Unit","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000883","name":"University of Bristol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000883","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Chlamydia \u00a0trachomatis (CT) causes pelvic inflammatory disease, which may result in tubal factor infertility (TFI) in women. Serologic assays may be used to determine the proportion of women with and without TFI who have had previous CT infection and to generate estimates of infertility attributable to chlamydia. Unfortunately, most existing CT serologic assays are challenged by low sensitivity and, sometimes, specificity for prior CT infection; however, they are currently the only available tests available to detect prior CT infection. Modeling methods such as finite mixture modeling may be a useful adjunct to quantitative serologic data to obtain better estimates of CT-related infertility. In this article, we review CT serological assays, including the use of antigens preferentially expressed during upper genital tract infection, and suggest future research directions. These methodologic improvements, coupled with creation of new biomarkers for previous CT infection, should improve our understanding of chlamydia\u2019s contribution to female infertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T12:33:09Z","timestamp":1612873989000},"page":"S80-S85","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["What Can Serology Tell Us About the Burden of Infertility in Women Caused by Chlamydia?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"224","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0411-8332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick J","family":"Horner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gloria E","family":"Anyalechi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William M","family":"Geisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022022206290200200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0143304","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143304","article-title":"Global estimates of the prevalence and incidence of four curable sexually transmitted infections in 2012 based on systematic review and global reporting","volume":"10","author":"Newman","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022022206290200200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta20220","article-title":"The natural history of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women: a multi-parameter evidence synthesis","volume":"20","author":"Price","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"2022022206290200200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw178","article-title":"Proportion of pelvic inflammatory disease cases caused by Chlamydia trachomatis: consistent picture from different methods","volume":"214","author":"Price","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022022206290200200_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1411426","article-title":"Pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"372","author":"Brunham","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022022206290200200_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199207000-00001","article-title":"Pelvic inflammatory disease and fertility. 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