{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T06:41:16Z","timestamp":1764225676264,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD094650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD094650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This study evaluated the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) on immune activation during pregnancy in a Zambian cohort of HIV-exposed but uninfected children followed up from birth. Activated CD8+ T cells (CD38+ and HLA-DR+) were compared among HIV-uninfected (n\u2005=\u200595), cART experienced HIV-infected (n\u2005=\u2005111), and cART-naive HIV-infected (n\u2005=\u200521) pregnant women. Immune activation was highest among HIV-infected\/cART-naive women but decreased during pregnancy. Immune activation HIV-infected women who started cART during pregnancy was reduced but not to levels similar to those in HIV-uninfected women. The effects of elevated maternal immune activation in pregnancy on subsequent infant health and immunity remain to be determined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,27]],"date-time":"2021-03-27T12:09:11Z","timestamp":1616846951000},"page":"1162-1167","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Persistent Immune Activation in Human Immunodeficiency Virus\u2013Infected Pregnant Women Starting Combination Antiretroviral Therapy After Conception"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"225","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5244-8681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Lohman-Payne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Immunology and Informatics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Koster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Gabriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Immunology and Informatics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roma","family":"Chilengi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease Research Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leah S","family":"Forman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Heeren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biostatistics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cassandra R","family":"Duffy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Herlihy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Crimaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roy","family":"Chavuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia"},{"name":"Right to Care\u2013Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Mwananyanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Right to Care\u2013Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald M","family":"Thea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022040117551265800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1038\/35073658","article-title":"Cellular immune responses to HIV","volume":"410","author":"McMichael","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022040117551265800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199818000-00007","article-title":"Immune activation in HIV-infected African individuals. 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