{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T09:05:16Z","timestamp":1740128716387,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) reduce carriage in the nasopharynx, preventing disease. We conducted a pneumococcal carriage study to estimate the prevalence of pneumococcal colonization, identify risk factors for colonization, and describe antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among pneumococci colonizing young children in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, before introduction of 13-valent PCV (PCV13).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional study of children aged 6\u201324 months at an immunization clinic in Port-au-Prince between September 2015 and January 2016. Consenting parents were interviewed about factors associated with pneumococcal carriage; nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from each child and cultured for pneumococcus after broth enrichment. Pneumococcal isolates were serotyped and underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing. We compared frequency of demographic, clinical, and environmental factors among pneumococcus-colonized children (carriers) to those who were not colonized (noncarriers) using unadjusted bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pneumococcus was isolated from 308 of the 685 (45.0%) children enrolled. Overall, 157 isolates (50.8%) were PCV13 vaccine-type serotypes; most common were 6A (13.3%), 19F (12.6%), 6B (9.7%), and 23F (6.1%). Vaccine-type isolates were significantly more likely to be nonsusceptible to \u22651 antimicrobial (63.1% vs 45.4%, P = .002). On bivariate analysis, carriers were significantly more likely than noncarriers to live in a household without electricity or running water, to share a bedroom with \u22653 people, to have a mother or father who did not complete secondary education, and to have respiratory symptoms in the 24 hours before enrollment (P &amp;lt; .05 for all comparisons). On multivariable analysis, completion of the pentavalent vaccination series (targeting diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenzae type b) remained significantly more common among noncarriers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nearly a quarter of healthy children surveyed in Haiti were colonized with vaccine-type pneumococcal serotypes. This baseline carriage study will enable estimation of vaccine impact following nationwide introduction of PCV13.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T12:11:29Z","timestamp":1614773489000},"page":"S248-S257","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Nasopharyngeal Carriage of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i> Among Young Children in Haiti Before Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"224","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1165-1162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise K","family":"Francois Watkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"},{"name":"Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L","family":"Milucky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lesley","family":"McGee,","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Sin\u00e9 St.-Surin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital Universitaire de la Paix, Port-au-Prince, Haiti"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pengbo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"},{"name":"Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8222-7353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sopio","family":"Chochua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerard","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire National de Sant\u00e9 Publique, Port-au-Prince, Haiti"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nong","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanley","family":"Juin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Port-au-Prince, Haiti"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Dely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 Publique et de la Population, Directorate of Epidemiology, Laboratory and Research, Port-au-Prince, Haiti"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roopal","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Port-au-Prince, Haiti"},{"name":"Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, Grand-Saconnex, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris A","family":"Van Beneden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"},{"name":"Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021090116305997500_CIT0001","first-page":"41","article-title":"Childhood community-acquired pneumonia: a review of etiology- and antimicrobial treatment studies","volume":"26","author":"Tramper-Stranders","year":"2018","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"key":"2021090116305997500_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30247-X","article-title":"Burden of Streptococcus pneumoniae and 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