{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T09:05:20Z","timestamp":1740128720629,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1084298"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1084298"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Since 2010, the introduction of an effective serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine has led to the near-elimination of invasive Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A disease in Africa\u2019s meningitis belt. However, a significant burden of disease and epidemics due to other bacterial meningitis pathogens remain in the region. High-quality surveillance data with laboratory confirmation is important to monitor circulating bacterial meningitis pathogens and design appropriate interventions, but complete testing of all reported cases is often infeasible. Here, we use case-based surveillance data from 5 countries in the meningitis belt to determine how accurately estimates of the distribution of causative pathogens would represent the true distribution under different laboratory testing strategies. Detailed case-based surveillance data was collected by the MenAfriNet surveillance consortium in up to 3 seasons from participating districts in 5 countries. For each unique country-season pair, we simulated the accuracy of laboratory surveillance by repeatedly drawing subsets of tested cases and calculating the margin of error of the estimated proportion of cases caused by each pathogen (the greatest pathogen-specific absolute error in proportions between the subset and the full set of cases). Across the 12 country-season pairs analyzed, the 95% credible intervals around estimates of the proportion of cases caused by each pathogen had median widths of \u00b10.13, \u00b10.07, and \u00b10.05, respectively, when random samples of 25%, 50%, and 75% of cases were selected for testing. The level of geographic stratification in the sampling process did not meaningfully affect accuracy estimates. These findings can inform testing thresholds for laboratory surveillance programs in the meningitis belt.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T20:09:35Z","timestamp":1616789375000},"page":"S218-S227","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modeling Optimal Laboratory Testing Strategies for Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance in Africa"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"224","author":[{"given":"Joseph","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA"},{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"},{"name":"Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heidi M","family":"Soeters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"},{"name":"Global Immunization Division, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alpha Oumar","family":"Diallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeni","family":"Vuong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"},{"name":"Division of Global HIV & TB, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brice Wilfried","family":"Bicaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction de la Protection de la Sant\u00e9 de la Population, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isaie","family":"Medah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction de la Protection de la Sant\u00e9 de la Population, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Issaka","family":"Yam\u00e9ogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction de la Protection de la Sant\u00e9 de la Population, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rasmata","family":"Ou\u00e9draogo-Traor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire P\u00e9diatrique Charles De Gaulle, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kadidja","family":"Gamougame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 Publique du Tchad, N\u2019Djamena, Tchad"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daugla Doumagoum","family":"Moto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, N\u2019Djamena, Tchad"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ass\u00e9tou Y","family":"Demb\u00e9l\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction Nationale de la Sant\u00e9, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibrehima","family":"Guindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction Nationale de la Sant\u00e9, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Souleymane","family":"Coulibaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Recherche en Sant\u00e9 Publique, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Djibo","family":"Issifou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction de la Surveillance et Riposte aux Epid\u00e9mies, Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 Publique, Niamey, Niger"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maman","family":"Zaneidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction de la Surveillance et Riposte aux Epid\u00e9mies, Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 Publique, Niamey, Niger"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamadi","family":"Assane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 et de l\u2019Hygi\u00e8ne Publique, Lom\u00e9, Togo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christelle","family":"Nikiema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 et de l\u2019Hygi\u00e8ne Publique, Lom\u00e9, Togo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adodo","family":"Sadji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National D\u2019Hygi\u00e8ne, Lom\u00e9, Togo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katya","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Infectious Hazard Management, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason M","family":"Mwenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Bita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Inter-Country Support Team West Africa, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Lingani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Inter-Country Support Team West Africa, Ouagadougou, Burkina 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Brazzaville, Republic of Congo: WHO-AFRO;","year":"2018","author":"World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa.","key":"2021090116303696300_CIT0013"},{"key":"2021090116303696300_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30387-9","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of meningitis, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"17","author":"Zunt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2021090116303696300_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e68163","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068163","article-title":"Recognising and treatment seeking for acute bacterial meningitis in adults and children in resource-poor settings: a qualitative study","volume":"8","author":"Desmond","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021090116303696300_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0187466","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187466","article-title":"Bacterial meningitis epidemiology and return of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A cases in Burkina Faso in the five years following MenAfriVac mass vaccination campaign","volume":"12","author":"Diallo","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021090116303696300_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30253-5","article-title":"Emergence of epidemic Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C in Niger, 2015: an analysis of national surveillance data","volume":"16","author":"Sidikou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021090116303696300_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S274","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz297","article-title":"Eliminating meningococcal epidemics from the African meningitis belt: the case for advanced prevention and control using next-generation meningococcal conjugate vaccines","volume":"220","author":"Alderson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"volume-title":"Global epidemiological surveillance standards for influenza","year":"2014","author":"World Health Organization","key":"2021090116303696300_CIT0019"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/224\/Supplement_3\/S218\/40211097\/jiab154.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/224\/Supplement_3\/S218\/40211097\/jiab154.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T16:31:46Z","timestamp":1630513906000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/224\/Supplement_3\/S218\/6361060"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Supplement_3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiab154","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-1899"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1537-6613"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]}}}