{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T06:54:57Z","timestamp":1782197697729,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI097150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI097150"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R56 AI097150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56 AI097150"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01 AI141579"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01 AI141579"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N910D00024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N910D00024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N91019F00130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N91019F00130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We investigated frequency of reinfection with seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs) and serum antibody response following infection over 8 years in the Household Influenza Vaccine Evaluation (HIVE) cohort.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Households were followed annually for identification of acute respiratory illness with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction\u2013confirmed HCoV infection. Serum collected before and at 2 time points postinfection were tested using a multiplex binding assay to quantify antibody to seasonal, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike proteins and SARS-CoV-2 spike subdomains and N protein.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 3418 participants, 40% were followed for \u22653 years. A total of 1004 HCoV infections were documented; 303 (30%) were reinfections of any HCoV type. The number of HCoV infections ranged from 1 to 13 per individual. The mean time to reinfection with the same type was estimated at 983 days for 229E, 578 days for HKU1, 615 days for OC43, and 711 days for NL63. Binding antibody levels to seasonal HCoVs were high, with little increase postinfection, and were maintained over time. Homologous, preinfection antibody levels did not significantly correlate with odds of infection, and there was little cross-response to SARS-CoV-2 proteins.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Reinfection with seasonal HCoVs is frequent. Binding anti-spike protein antibodies do not correlate with protection from seasonal HCoV infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T20:10:17Z","timestamp":1616184617000},"page":"49-59","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Coronavirus Occurrence in the Household Influenza Vaccine Evaluation (HIVE) Cohort of Michigan Households: Reinfection Frequency and Serologic Responses to Seasonal and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronaviruses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"224","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5696-965X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua G","family":"Petrie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Latifa A","family":"Bazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian B","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4073-0393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dean","family":"Follmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominic","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Protein Expression Laboratory, National Cancer Institute RAS Initiative, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Hatcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allyson","family":"Mateja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeep R","family":"Narpala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E","family":"O\u2019Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily T","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnold S","family":"Monto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070809073428400_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.57.4.933","article-title":"Recovery in tracheal organ cultures of novel viruses from patients with respiratory disease","volume":"57","author":"McIntosh","year":"1967","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2021070809073428400_CIT0002","first-page":"234","article-title":"Medical reviews. 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