{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T04:52:38Z","timestamp":1771044758396,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Various epidemiological and experimental studies propose that helminths could play a preventive role against the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM induces microvascular and large vessel complications mediated by elevated levels of angiogenic factors and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) ligands. However, the interactions between helminths and host angiogenic factors and RAGE ligands are unexplored.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To assess the relationship between a soil-transmitted helminth, Strongyloides stercoralis (Ss), and T2DM, we measured plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)\u2013A, -C, and -D; angiopoietins 1 and 2 (Ang-1 and Ang-2); and their receptors VEGF-R1, -R2, and -R3 as well as soluble RAGE (sRAGE) and their ligands advanced glycation end products (AGEs), S100A12, and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1) in individuals with T2DM with or those without Ss infection. In Ss-infected\u2005individuals, we also measured the levels of aforementioned factors 6 months following anthelmintic therapy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ss-infected\u2005individuals exhibited significantly decreased levels of VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, Ang-1, and Ang-2 and their soluble receptors VEGF-R1, -R2, and -R3, that increased following anthelmintic therapy. Likewise, Ss-infected\u2005individuals exhibited significantly decreased levels of AGEs and their ligands sRAGE, S100A12, and HMGB-1, which reversed following anthelmintic therapy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our data suggest that Ss infection could play a beneficial role by limiting or delaying T2DM-related vascular complications.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T19:10:21Z","timestamp":1617045021000},"page":"1614-1622","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Diminished Circulating Levels of Angiogenic Factors and Rage Ligands in Helminth\u2013Diabetes Comorbidity and Reversal Following Anthelmintic Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"224","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8143-5502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anuradha","family":"Rajamanickam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center for Excellence in Research, National Institute of Health, Chennai, India"},{"name":"National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saravanan","family":"Munisankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center for Excellence in Research, National Institute of Health, Chennai, India"},{"name":"National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pradeep A","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas B","family":"Nutman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Subash","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center for Excellence in Research, National Institute of Health, Chennai, India"},{"name":"National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India"},{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111805070768300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2016.08.014","article-title":"Do worms protect against the metabolic syndrome? 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