{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T09:05:58Z","timestamp":1740128758598,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Global health pilot"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) leads to thousands of pediatric deaths annually. Pneumococcal colonization precedes IPD. In 2013, the Dominican Republic introduced the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) into its routine infant immunization program, with doses at ages 2, 4, and 12 months. Prevalence of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization was evaluated post\u2013PCV13 introduction.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A prospective cohort study of 125 children aged 2\u201335 months was conducted in a rural Dominican Republic community November 2016 through July 2017. Nasopharyngeal swabs and clinical and vaccination data were collected at enrollment and 4\u20136 months later. Serotypes included in PCV13 were defined as vaccine-type. Colonization rates and serotype distribution were compared at baseline and follow-up, and the association between colonization and vaccination status among the entire cohort was evaluated at each time point.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 125 children enrolled, 118 (94%) completed follow-up. Overall and vaccine-type pneumococcal colonization rates were 62% and 25%, respectively, at baseline and 60% and 28% at follow-up. Among children age-eligible for 3 doses, 50% and 51% were fully vaccinated at baseline and follow-up, respectively. At baseline assessment, children up-to-date for age for PCV13 were less likely to be colonized with vaccine-type pneumococci than children not up-to-date, and the same was found for fully vaccinated children (3 doses) compared to those not fully vaccinated (odds ratios [ORs], 0.38 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .18\u2013.79], and 0.14 [95% CI, .04\u2013.45], respectively). The same associations were not found at follow-up assessment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Three years post -PCV13 introduction, vaccine-type colonization rates remained high. Low vaccination coverage for 3 PCV13 doses may have contributed. The protective effect of PCV13 on vaccine-type carriage suggests an increase in PCV13 coverage could lead to substantial declines in pneumococcal vaccine-type carriage.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T19:09:45Z","timestamp":1617217785000},"page":"S237-S247","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Nasopharyngeal Carriage Rates of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i> in a Rural Community in the Dominican Republic"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"224","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6716-753X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria G","family":"Dunn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Global Health Center and Division of Infectious Diseases, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernanda C","family":"Lessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Infantil Dr Robert Reid Cabral, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramona","family":"Cordero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Salud Divina Providencia, Consuelo, Dominican Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Feris-Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Infantil Dr Robert Reid Cabral, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doraliza","family":"Cedano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Infantil Dr Robert Reid Cabral, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria da Gl\u00f3ria","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josefina","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Infantil Dr Robert Reid Cabral, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristen A","family":"Feemster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Global Health Center and Division of Infectious Diseases, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 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