{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T01:05:24Z","timestamp":1785114324500,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007301","name":"Harvard University Center for AIDS Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AI060354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AI060354"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007301","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001680","name":"Charles H. Hood Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23AI138856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23AI138856"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001680","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001680","name":"Charles H. Hood Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24AI141036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24AI141036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001680","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001949","name":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23HD097300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23HD097300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001949","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (WHIV) are at higher risk of adverse birth outcomes. Proposed mechanisms for the increased risk include placental arteriopathy (vasculopathy) and maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) due to antiretroviral therapy and medical comorbid conditions. However, these features and their underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms have not been well characterized in WHIV.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We performed gross and histologic examination and immunohistochemistry staining for vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), a key angiogenic factor, on placentas from women with \u22651 MVM risk factors including: weight below the fifth percentile, histologic infarct or distal villous hypoplasia, nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy, hypertension, and preeclampsia\/eclampsia during pregnancy. We compared pathologic characteristics by maternal HIV serostatus.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Twenty-seven of 41 (placentas 66%) assessed for VEGF-A were from WHIV. Mean maternal age was 27 years. Among WHIV, median CD4 T-cell count was 440\/\u00b5L, and the HIV viral load was undetectable in 74%. Of VEGF-A\u2013stained placentas, both decidua and villous endothelium tissue layers were present in 36 (88%). VEGF-A was detected in 31 of 36 (86%) with decidua present, and 39 of 40 (98%) with villous endothelium present. There were no differences in VEGF-A presence in any tissue type by maternal HIV serostatus (P\u2005=\u2005.28 to &amp;gt;.99). MVM was more common in placentas selected for VEGF-A staining (51 vs 8%; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.001).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>VEGF-A immunostaining was highly prevalent, and staining patterns did not differ by maternal HIV serostatus among those with MVM risk factors, indicating that the role of VEGF-A in placental vasculopathy may not differ by maternal HIV serostatus.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T19:09:21Z","timestamp":1617736161000},"page":"S694-S700","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Placental Decidual Arteriopathy and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A Expression Among Women With or Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"224","author":[{"given":"Lisa M","family":"Bebell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"MassGeneral Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Medical Practice Evaluation Center of Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalynn","family":"Parks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mylinh H","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Practice Evaluation Center of Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Ngonzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Adong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adeline A","family":"Boatin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MassGeneral Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid V","family":"Bassett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Medical Practice Evaluation Center of Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J","family":"Siedner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"MassGeneral Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Medical Practice Evaluation Center of Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison D","family":"Gernand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drucilla J","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 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