{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T02:30:29Z","timestamp":1775183429380,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2020R1A3066471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1A3066471"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there was a concern over possible increase in antibiotic use due to coinfections among COVID-19 patients in the community. Here, we evaluate the changes in nationwide use of broad-spectrum antibiotics during the COVID-19 epidemic in South Korea.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We obtained national reimbursement data on the prescription of antibiotics, including penicillin with \u03b2-lactamase inhibitors, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides. We examined the number of antibiotic prescriptions compared with the previous 3 years in the same period from August to July. To quantify the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on antibiotic use, we developed a regression model adjusting for changes of viral acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs), which are an important factor driving antibiotic use.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During the COVID-19 epidemic in South Korea, the broad-spectrum antibiotic use dropped by 15%\u201355% compared to the previous 3 years. Overall reduction in antibiotic use adjusting for ARTIs was estimated to be 14%\u201330%, with a larger impact in children.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our study found that broad-spectrum antibiotic use was substantially reduced during the COVID-19 epidemic in South Korea. This reduction can be in part due to reduced ARTIs as a result of stringent public health interventions including social distancing measures.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T11:40:41Z","timestamp":1618314041000},"page":"949-955","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Decreased Use of Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epidemic in South Korea"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"224","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8915-8167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sukhyun","family":"Ryu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youngsik","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheikh Taslim","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong-Sook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology Research Team, Department of Research, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Wonju, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eili Y","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy, Washington, District of Columbia, USA"},{"name":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric H Y","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin J","family":"Cowling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021091718343873300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.055","article-title":"Antibiotic use in the COVID-19 crisis in Spain","volume":"27","author":"Gonzalez-Zorn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2021091718343873300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2736","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa524","article-title":"COVID-19, superinfections and antimicrobial development: what can we expect?","volume":"71","author":"Clancy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect 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