{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T11:45:11Z","timestamp":1792755911361,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19 AI144180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19 AI144180"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19AI113170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AI113170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UC6AI058607"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UC6AI058607"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Murine models of Neisseria gonorrhoeae lower reproductive tract infection are valuable systems for studying N. gonorrhoeae adaptation to the female host and immune responses to infection. These models have also accelerated preclinical testing of candidate therapeutic and prophylactic products against gonorrhea. However, because N. gonorrhoeae infection is restricted to the murine cervicovaginal region, there is a need for an in vivo system for translational work on N. gonorrhoeae pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Here we discuss the need for well-characterized preclinical upper reproductive tract infection models for developing candidate products against N. gonorrhoeae PID, and report a refinement of the gonorrhea mouse model that supports sustained upper reproductive tract infection. To establish this new model for vaccine testing, we also tested the licensed meningococcal 4CMenB vaccine, which cross-protects against murine N. gonorrhoeae lower reproductive tract infection, for efficacy against N. gonorrhoeae in the endometrium and oviducts following transcervical or vaginal challenge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T11:38:11Z","timestamp":1619609891000},"page":"S152-S160","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Preclinical Testing of Vaccines and Therapeutics for Gonorrhea in Female Mouse Models of Lower and Upper Reproductive Tract Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"224","author":[{"given":"Kristie L","family":"Connolly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Pilligua-Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison C","family":"Costenoble-Caherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Soc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Knashka","family":"Underwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew N","family":"Macintyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory D","family":"Sempowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann E","family":"Jerse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021081606005563400_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.18.228486","article-title":"Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis: global prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016","volume":"97","author":"Rowley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2021081606005563400_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1411426","article-title":"Pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"372","author":"Brunham","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021081606005563400_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.02.081","article-title":"Biological feasibility and importance of a gonorrhea vaccine for global public 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