{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T06:27:56Z","timestamp":1778653676750,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]],"date-time":"2021-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Michigan COVID-19 Response Innovation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01AI141579"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01AI141579"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 IP000974"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 IP000974"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous studies demonstrated that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA can be detected for weeks after infection. The significance of this finding is unclear and, in most patients, does not represent active infection. Detection of subgenomic RNA has been proposed to represent productive infection and may be a useful marker for monitoring infectivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to quantify total and subgenomic nucleocapsid (sgN) and envelope (sgE) transcripts in 185 SARS-CoV-2\u2013positive nasopharyngeal swab samples collected on hospital admission and to relate to symptom duration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We find that all transcripts decline at the same rate; however, sgE becomes undetectable before other transcripts. The median duration of symptoms to a negative test is 14 days for sgE and 25 days for sgN. There is a linear decline in subgenomic compared to total RNA, suggesting that subgenomic transcript copy number is dependent on copy number of total transcripts. The mean difference between total and sgN is 16-fold and the mean difference between total and sgE is 137-fold. This relationship is constant over duration of symptoms, allowing prediction of subgenomic copy number from total copy number.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subgenomic RNA may be no more useful in determining infectivity than a copy number threshold determined for total RNA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T14:06:46Z","timestamp":1618582006000},"page":"1287-1293","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Total and Subgenomic RNA Viral Load in Hospitalized Patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"224","author":[{"given":"Derek E","family":"Dimcheff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew L","family":"Valesano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kalee E","family":"Rumfelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William J","family":"Fitzsimmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Mirabelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua G","family":"Petrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily T","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chandan","family":"Bhambhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muneesh","family":"Tewari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam S","family":"Lauring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021103113410948600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0761-6","article-title":"Analytical sensitivity and efficiency comparisons of SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR primer-probe sets","volume":"5","author":"Vogels","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"2021103113410948600_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000045","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.3.2000045","article-title":"Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus 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