{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:56:59Z","timestamp":1790722619768,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We hypothesized that nationwide social distancing and other preventive measures for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were associated with reduced detection of other respiratory viruses in South Korea.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We analyzed national surveillance data to compare incidence of respiratory viruses during 2016\u20132019 vs 2020. Results of multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays for 8 respiratory viruses were included: adenovirus (ADV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus (IFV), human coronavirus (HCoV; non\u2013SARS-CoV-2), human rhinovirus (HRV), human bocavirus (HBoV), and human metapneumovirus (HMPV).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During 2016\u20132019, rates of detection of respiratory viruses were relatively stable: ADV, 3.7%\u20139.2%; PIV, 1.4%\u201317.0%; RSV, 0.3%\u201315.3%; IFV, 0.4%\u201335.6%; HCoV, 1.5%\u20138.4%; HRV, 7.0%\u201325.1%; HBoV, 0.6%\u20136.3%; and HMPV, 0.7%\u201314.5%. Following implementation of social distancing in February 2020, rates of detection of enveloped viruses (HCoV, HMPV, IFV, PIV, and RSV) were significantly reduced by up to 100%. However, nonenveloped viruses (ADV, HRV, and HBoV) persisted throughout 2020, and HRV rates in hospitalized patients significantly increased.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>After implementation of social distancing for SARS-CoV-2 in South Korea, rates of detection of enveloped respiratory viruses decreased significantly, whereas nonenveloped viruses persisted, suggesting that enhanced infection prevention strategies are required to mitigate spread of these viruses.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T11:20:06Z","timestamp":1619522406000},"page":"1900-1906","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Shifting Patterns of Respiratory Virus Activity Following Social Distancing Measures for Coronavirus Disease 2019 in South Korea"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"224","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2407-0962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangshin","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Urban Public Health, University of Seoul, Seoul,Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian C","family":"Michelow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island,USA"},{"name":"Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2733-0715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young June","family":"Choe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120504473599300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31142-9","article-title":"Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"395","author":"Chu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021120504473599300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa889","article-title":"Social distancing alters the clinical course of COVID-19 in young adults: a comparative cohort study","volume":"72","author":"Bielecki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021120504473599300_CIT0003","article-title":"Suppression of SARS-CoV-2 after a second wave in Victoria, Australia [manuscript published online ahead of print 23 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