{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T23:51:32Z","timestamp":1783468292309,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,8]],"date-time":"2021-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the Netherlands, the bivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been offered to preadolescent girls via the National Immunization Program in a 2-dose schedule since 2014. The current study estimates vaccine effectiveness (VE) against HPV infections up to 4 years postvaccination among girls eligible for routine 2-dose immunization.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A cohort study (HAVANA2) was used in which participants annually filled out an online questionnaire and provided a vaginal self-sample for determination of HPV by the SPF10-LiPA25 assay, able to detect 25 HPV types. VE against incident type-specific infections and pooled outcomes was estimated by a Cox proportional hazards model with shared frailty between the HPV types.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 2027 girls were included in the study, 1098 (54.2%) of whom were vaccinated with 2 doses. Highest incidence rate was 5.0\/1000 person-years (HPV-51) among vaccinated participants and 9.1\/1000 person-years (HPV-74) among unvaccinated participants. Adjusted pooled VE was 84.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 27.0%\u201396.5%) against incident HPV-16\/18 infections and 86.5% (95% CI, 39.5%\u201397.08%) against cross-protective types HPV-31\/33\/45.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Four years postvaccination, 2 doses of bivalent HPV vaccine were effective in the prevention of incident HPV-16\/18 infections and provided cross-protection to HPV-31\/33\/45. Our VE estimates rival those from 3-dose schedules, indicating comparable protection by 2-dose schedules.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T19:15:53Z","timestamp":1620414953000},"page":"634-643","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Vaccine Effectiveness Following Routine Immunization With Bivalent Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine: Protection Against Incident Genital HPV Infections From a Reduced-Dosing Schedule"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"Joske","family":"Hoes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey J","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tessa M Schurink van\u2019t","family":"Klooster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Berkhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes A","family":"Bogaards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hester E","family":"de Melker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022090418290451100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2004.12.008","article-title":"The epidemiology of human papillomavirus infections","volume":"32","author":"Baseman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"2022090418290451100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.05.031","article-title":"Chapter 6: epidemiology and transmission dynamics of genital HPV infection","volume":"24","author":"Burchell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2022090418290451100_CIT0003","volume-title":"Assessment report for Cervarix. 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