{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T08:38:05Z","timestamp":1787906285832,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,23]],"date-time":"2021-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 HSD 064915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 HSD 064915"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007813","name":"Center for AIDS Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AI27757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AI27757"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007813","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of Washington Global Center for Integrated Health of Women, Adolescents, and Children"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Identifying predictors of preterm birth (PTB) in high-burden regions is important as PTB is the leading cause of global child mortality.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This analysis was nested in a longitudinal study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence in Kenya. HIV-seronegative women enrolled in pregnancy had nucleic acid amplification tests (chlamydia and gonorrhea), rapid plasma reagin (syphilis), wet mount microscopy (Trichomonas and yeast), and Gram stain (bacterial vaginosis); sexually transmitted infection (STI) treatment was provided. PTB predictors were determined using log-binomial regression.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 1244 mothers of liveborn infants, median gestational age at enrollment was 26 weeks (IQR, 22\u201331), and at delivery was 39.1 weeks (IQR, 37.1\u201340.9). PTB occurred in 302 women (24.3%). Chlamydia was associated with a 1.59-fold (P = .006), gonorrhea a 1.62-fold (P = .04), and incident HIV a 2.08-fold (P = .02) increased PTB prevalence. Vaginal discharge and cervical inflammation were associated with PTB, as were age \u226421 (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.39, P = .001) and any STI (PR = 1.47, P = .001). Associations with chlamydia and incident HIV remained in multivariable models.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>STIs and incident HIV in pregnancy predicted PTB despite treatment, suggesting the need for earlier treatment and interventions to decrease genital inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T11:08:05Z","timestamp":1621508885000},"page":"2085-2093","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Incident HIV Infection During Pregnancy Predict Preterm Birth Despite Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"224","author":[{"given":"Jayalakshmi","family":"Ravindran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbra A","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Kinuthia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A","family":"Unger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison L","family":"Drake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lusi","family":"Osborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Matemo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janna","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R Scott","family":"McClelland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 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