{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T15:45:01Z","timestamp":1788536701000,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INV-009497-OPP1159351"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-009497-OPP1159351"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Surveillance System for Enteric Fever in India"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lack of robust data on economic burden due to enteric fever in India has made decision making on typhoid vaccination a challenge. Surveillance for Enteric Fever network was established to address gaps in typhoid disease and economic burden.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients hospitalized with blood culture-confirmed enteric fever and nontraumatic ileal perforation were identified at 14 hospitals. These sites represent urban referral hospitals (tier 3) and smaller hospitals in urban slums, remote rural, and tribal settings (tier 2). Cost of illness and productivity loss data from onset to 28 days after discharge from hospital were collected using a structured questionnaire. The direct and indirect costs of an illness episode were analyzed by type of setting.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 274 patients from tier 2 surveillance, 891 patients from tier 3 surveillance, and 110 ileal perforation patients provided the cost of illness data. The mean direct cost of severe enteric fever was US$119.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], US$85.8\u2013152.4) in tier 2 and US$405.7 (95% CI, 366.9\u2013444.4) in tier 3; 16.9% of patients in tier 3 experienced catastrophic expenditure.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The cost of treating enteric fever is considerable and likely to increase with emerging antimicrobial resistance. Equitable preventive strategies are urgently needed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T19:13:46Z","timestamp":1621538026000},"page":"S540-S547","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Cost of Illness Due to Severe Enteric Fever in India"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"224","author":[{"given":"Dilesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Christian Medical College, Vellore,India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atul","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh,India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saroj Kumar","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, 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Christian Leprosy and General Hospital, Bazaricherra, Assam,India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Dhas Sankhro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lady Willingdon Hospital, Manali, Himachal Pradesh,India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arti","family":"Kapil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi,India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayanthi","family":"Shastri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Topiwala National Medical College and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai,India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karnika","family":"Saigal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, New Delhi,India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sulochana Putli 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