{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T21:05:31Z","timestamp":1792011931684,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,19]],"date-time":"2021-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","award":["GNT 1051228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT 1051228"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001782","name":"University of Melbourne","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001782","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014607","name":"RCH Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014607","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014555","name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014555","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung Early Postdoc (Mobility","award":["P2GEP3_178155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2GEP3_178155"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) vaccination has beneficial off-target effects that may include protecting against non-mycobacterial infectious diseases. We aimed to determine whether neonatal BCG vaccination reduces lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in infants in the Melbourne Infant Study: BCG for Allergy and Infection Reduction (MIS BAIR) trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this investigator-blinded trial, neonates in Australia were randomized to receive BCG-Denmark vaccination or no BCG at birth. Episodes of LRTI were determined by symptoms reported in parent-completed, 3-month questionnaires over the first year of life. Data were analyzed by intention-to-treat using binary regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1272 neonates were randomized to the BCG vaccination (n\u2005=\u2005637) or control (n\u2005=\u2005635) group. The proportion of participants with an episode of LRTI in the first year of life among BCG-vaccinated infants was 54.8% compared to 58.0% in the control group, resulting in a risk difference of \u22123.2 (95% confidence interval, \u22129.0 to 2.6) after multiple imputation. There was no interaction observed between the primary outcome and sex, maternal BCG, or the other prespecified effect modifiers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on the findings of this trial, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of neonatal BCG vaccination to prevent LRTI in the first year of life in high-income settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T11:10:12Z","timestamp":1623064212000},"page":"1115-1127","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Neonatal Bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin Vaccination and Infections in the First Year of Life: The MIS BAIR Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"224","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8404-4462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole L","family":"Messina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases; 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