{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T13:37:19Z","timestamp":1759412239752,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Research Council\/Global Challenges Research Fund","award":["HCR01020 (P020) MR\/R005850\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HCR01020 (P020) MR\/R005850\/1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RTD\/E0.03-RIA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTD\/E0.03-RIA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["102915\/Z\/13\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["102915\/Z\/13\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T19:09:50Z","timestamp":1623352190000},"page":"1105-1108","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["BCG Specific and Nonspecific Effects: Different Questions, Similar Challenges"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"224","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Prentice","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Stevenage, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hazel M","family":"Dockrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021101318463484100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13195","article-title":"Good old BCG\u2014what a century-old vaccine can contribute to modern medicine","volume":"288","author":"Locht","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2021101318463484100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir240","article-title":"Randomized trial of BCG vaccination at birth to low-birth-weight children: beneficial nonspecific effects in the neonatal period?","volume":"204","author":"Aaby","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021101318463484100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3182458289","article-title":"Small randomized trial among low-birth-weight children receiving bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin vaccination at first health center contact","volume":"31","author":"Biering-S\u00f8rensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2021101318463484100_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix525","article-title":"Early BCG-Denmark and neonatal mortality among infants weighing <2500 g: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"65","author":"Biering-S\u00f8rensen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021101318463484100_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy544","article-title":"Early BCG vaccination, hospitalizations, and hospital deaths: analysis of a secondary outcome in 3 randomized trials from Guinea-Bissau","volume":"219","author":"Schaltz-Buchholzer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","article-title":"BCG-induced non-specific effects on heterologous infectious disease in Ugandan neonates: an investigator-blind randomised controlled trial","author":"Prentice","key":"2021101318463484100_CIT0006"},{"key":"2021101318463484100_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.04.020","article-title":"Non-specific effects of BCG vaccine on viral infections","volume":"25","author":"Moorlag","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2021101318463484100_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.051","article-title":"Activate: randomized clinical trial of BCG vaccination against infection in the elderly","volume":"183","author":"Giamarellos-Bourboulis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2021101318463484100_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31025-4","article-title":"Considering BCG vaccination to reduce the impact of COVID-19","volume":"395","author":"Curtis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021101318463484100_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632478","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.632478","article-title":"The BCG vaccine for COVID-19: first verdict and future directions","volume":"12","author":"Gonzalez-Perez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2021101318463484100_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab306","article-title":"Neonatal BCG vaccination and infections in the first year of life: the MIS BAIR randomised controlled trial","author":"Messina","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021101318463484100_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piy029","article-title":"BCG vaccination at birth and rate of hospitalization for infection until 15 months of age in Danish children: a randomized clinical multicenter trial","volume":"8","author":"Stensballe","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc"},{"key":"2021101318463484100_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002198","article-title":"Two randomized trials of the effect of the Russian strain of bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin alone or with oral polio vaccine on neonatal mortality in infants weighing <2000 g in India","volume":"38","author":"Jayaraman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2021101318463484100_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit790","article-title":"Protection by BCG vaccine against tuberculosis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"58","author":"Mangtani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021101318463484100_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1211","article-title":"The success and failure of BCG\u2014implications for a novel tuberculosis vaccine","volume":"3","author":"Andersen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2021101318463484100_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.11.079","article-title":"Maternal BCG scar is associated with increased infant proinflammatory immune responses","volume":"35","author":"Mawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2021101318463484100_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir515","article-title":"BCG vaccination induces different cytokine profiles following infant BCG vaccination in the UK and Malawi","volume":"204","author":"Lalor","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021101318463484100_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu508","article-title":"Heterologous immunological effects of early BCG vaccination in low-birth-weight infants in Guinea-Bissau: a randomized-controlled trial","volume":"211","author":"Jensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021101318463484100_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy069","article-title":"Neonatal BCG vaccination influences cytokine responses to toll-like receptor ligands and heterologous antigens","volume":"217","author":"Freyne","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021101318463484100_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12719","article-title":"Life-course of atopy and allergy-related disease events in tropical sub-Saharan Africa: a birth cohort study","volume":"28","author":"Lule","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"2021101318463484100_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.09.020","article-title":"Differences in innate immune function between allergic and nonallergic children: new insights into immune ontogeny","volume":"127","author":"Tulic","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2021101318463484100_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01641","article-title":"They are what you eat: can nutritional factors during gestation and early infancy modulate the neonatal immune response?","volume":"8","author":"Prentice","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2021101318463484100_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.01.053","article-title":"The influence of BCG vaccine strain on mycobacteria-specific and non-specific immune responses in a prospective cohort of infants in Uganda","volume":"30","author":"Anderson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2021101318463484100_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2008.00118.x","article-title":"Influence of BCG vaccine strain on the immune response and protection against tuberculosis","volume":"32","author":"Ritz","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2021101318463484100_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17537","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1202870109","article-title":"Bacille Calmette-Guerin induces NOD2-dependent nonspecific protection from reinfection via epigenetic reprogramming of monocytes","volume":"109","author":"Kleinnijenhuis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2021101318463484100_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0338-x","article-title":"The non-specific and sex-differential effects of vaccines","volume":"20","author":"Aaby","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2021101318463484100_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.07.016","article-title":"Revaccination with live attenuated vaccines confer additional beneficial nonspecific effects on overall survival: a review","volume":"10","author":"Benn","year":"2016","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiab307\/38890147\/jiab307.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/224\/7\/1105\/40632052\/jiab307.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/224\/7\/1105\/40632052\/jiab307.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T06:07:14Z","timestamp":1634537234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/224\/7\/1105\/6318119"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiab307","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-1899"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1537-6613"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]}}}