{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:24:54Z","timestamp":1792794294701,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III\u2013European Regional Development Fund","award":["PI18\/00569"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/00569"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ca2c886","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III\u2013European Regional Development Fund","award":["FI17\/00194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FI17\/00194"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ca2c886","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III\u2013European Regional Development Fund","award":["CM17\/0064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CM17\/0064"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ca2c886","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III\u2013European Regional Development Fund","award":["CM19\/00059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CM19\/00059"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ca2c886","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Consejer\u00eda de Ciencia, Universidades e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"name":"Comunidad de Madrid-Fondo Social Europeo","award":["PEJ2019-TL\/BMD-12514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PEJ2019-TL\/BMD-12514"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040scgh75","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection induces epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), but it remains unclear whether epigenetic aging continues to accelerate during successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) and prolonged virological suppression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We longitudinally analyzed 63 long-term aviremic HIV-infected adults. Using blood DNA methylation patterns, we calculated EAA measures based on 3 epigenetic clocks (Horvath\u2019s clock, PhenoAge, and GrimAge). We recorded the emergence of serious AIDS-related and non-AIDS-related events throughout the study to assess its association with EAA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All participants were on stable ART and were virologically suppressed. After 4 years of follow-up, PhenoAge-EAA and GrimAge-EAA showed no differences, whereas Horvath-EAA slightly decreased (median difference, \u20130.53 years; P = .015). Longitudinal changes in EAA measures were independent of changes in CD4 cell counts, the ART regimen, or other HIV-related factors. Nineteen percent of participants experienced a serious clinical event during the study. Horvath-EAA was significantly higher at baseline in participants with clinical events (P = .027). After adjusting for confounders, we found a trend toward an association of higher levels of all EAA measures at baseline with serious clinical events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Epigenetic aging did not accelerate in long-term aviremic HIV-infected adults after 4 years of successful ART. EAA measures deserve further study as potential tools for predicting clinical events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T15:12:10Z","timestamp":1624374730000},"page":"287-294","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Longitudinal Changes in Epigenetic Age Acceleration in Aviremic Human Immunodeficiency Virus\u2013Infected Recipients of Long-term Antiretroviral Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"225","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Esteban-Cantos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\/AIDS and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rocio","family":"Montejano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, La Paz University Hospital, 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Department of Internal Medicine, La Paz University Hospital, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\/AIDS and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juli\u00e1n","family":"Nevado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, La Paz University Hospital, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eulalia","family":"Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, La Paz University Hospital, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, Madrid, 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