{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T16:57:27Z","timestamp":1762102647536,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81971933","81770592","81671570"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81971933","81770592","81671570"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Major Project of China","award":["2018ZX10301202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZX10301202"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The outcome of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is significantly affected by host immune response; herein, we aim to dissect the effect of L-carnitine (L-Cn) on germinal center (GC)\u2013related immune cells and the influence on the prognosis of HBV infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed in patients with chronic HBV infection and a hydrodynamic injection mouse model.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In vitro assays revealed that L-Cn significantly reduced GC-related immune responses and enhanced immunosuppressive profiles. Intriguingly, L-Cn released from lysed hepatocytes was associated with the degree of liver damage. Besides, the administration of L-Cn in an HBV mouse model resulted in delayed clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in serum and decreased GC formation in the spleen. Notably, patients with HBsAg loss showed decreased plasma L-Cn levels, and longitudinal observations found that low baseline levels of L-Cn were associated with a favorable treatment response in patients with chronic hepatitis B.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The suppressive effect of hepatocyte-derived L-Cn on GC-related immune cells may contribute to the inability of HBsAg clearance in chronic HBV infection, indicating that L-Cn might serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HBV infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T11:16:49Z","timestamp":1625138209000},"page":"1955-1966","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Hepatocyte-Derived L-Carnitine Restricts Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Loss Through an Immunosuppressive Effect on Germinal Center\u2013Related Immune Cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"225","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0347-0097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuqin","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weibin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guofu","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Organ 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