{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T02:12:10Z","timestamp":1769739130481,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005624","name":"PATH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005624","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We demonstrated in a randomized placebo-controlled trial that WRSS1, a live oral Shigella sonnei vaccine candidate, is safe in Bangladeshi adults and children, and elicits antigen-specific antibodies. Here, we describe functional antibody and innate immune responses to WRSS1.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Adults (18\u201339 years) and children (5\u20139 years) received 3 doses of 3 \u00d7 105 or 3 \u00d7 106 colony forming units (CFU) of WRSS1 or placebo, 4 weeks apart; children additionally received 3 \u00d7 104 CFU. Blood and stool were collected at baseline and 7 days after each dose. Functional antibodies were measured using serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) assay. Cytokine\/chemokine concentrations were measured in lymphocyte cultures. Host defense peptides LL-37, HBD-1, and HD-5 were analyzed in plasma and stool.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Children showed increased SBA titers over baseline after the third dose of 3 \u00d7 106 CFU (P\u2005=\u2005.048). Significant increases of Th-17 and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-\u03b1, G-CSF, MIP-1\u03b2), and reduction of anti-inflammatory and Th2 cytokines (IL-10, IL-13, GM-CSF) were observed in children. Plasma HBD-1 and LL-37 decreased in children after vaccination but were increased\/unchanged in adults.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Functional antibodies and Th1\/Th17 cytokine responses in children may serve as important indicators of immunogenicity and protective potential of WRSS1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Clinical Trials Registration: NCT01813071.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T19:11:18Z","timestamp":1628017878000},"page":"S829-S839","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Functional Antibodies and Innate Immune Responses to WRSS1, a Live Oral <i>Shigella sonnei<\/i> Vaccine Candidate, in Bangladeshi Adults and Children"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"224","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2077-7813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Protim","family":"Sarker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka,Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akhirunnesa","family":"Mily","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka,Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anjuman","family":"Ara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka,Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farjana","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka,Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, Washington, District of Columbia,USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas F","family":"Wierzba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, Washington, District of Columbia,USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard I","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, Washington, District of Columbia,USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malabi M","family":"Venkatesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland,USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8116-4511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rubhana","family":"Raqib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious 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