{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T03:18:15Z","timestamp":1773285495086,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31470877"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31470877"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Key Projects for Major Infectious Diseases","award":["2017ZX10302301-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017ZX10302301-002"]}]},{"name":"Support Scheme of Guangzhou for Leading Talents in Innovation and Entrepreneurship","award":["2017004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017004"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Scientific and Technological Research Project for Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19","award":["2020A111128022, 2020B111112003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020A111128022, 2020B111112003"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Scientific and Technological Research Special Fund for COVID-19","award":["202020012612200001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202020012612200001"]}]},{"name":"Zhuhai Scientific and Technological Research Project for COVID-19 Containment","award":["ZH22036302200029PWC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZH22036302200029PWC"]}]},{"name":"Zhuhai Industrial Technological Research and Development Project for Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19","award":["ZH22046301200018PWC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZH22046301200018PWC"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou","award":["201704020226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201704020226"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou","award":["201604020006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201604020006"]}]},{"name":"Development Project of Foshan Fourth People\u2019s Hospital","award":["FSSYKF-2020003, FSSYKF-2020017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSSYKF-2020003, FSSYKF-2020017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lymphopenia is a key feature for adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), although it is rarely observed in children. The underlying mechanism remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Immunohistochemical and flow cytometric analyses were used to compare the apoptotic rate of T cells from COVID-19 adults and children and apoptotic responses of adult and child T cells to COVID-19 pooled plasma. Biological properties of caspases and reactive oxygen species were assessed in T cells treated by COVID-19 pooled plasma.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mitochondria apoptosis of peripheral T cells were identified in COVID-19 adult patient samples but not in the children. Furthermore, increased tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 and interleukin-6 in COVID-19 plasma induced mitochondria apoptosis and caused deoxyribonucleic acid damage by elevating reactive oxygen species levels of the adult T cells. However, the child T cells showed tolerance to mitochondrial apoptosis due to mitochondria autophagy. Activation of autophagy could decrease apoptotic sensitivity of the adult T cells to plasma from COVID-19 patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our results indicated that the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was activated in T cells of COVID-19 adult patients specifically, which may shed light on the pathophysiological difference between adults and children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 ).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T19:15:35Z","timestamp":1628536535000},"page":"1333-1344","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Distinct Mitochondria-Mediated T-Cell Apoptosis Responses in Children and Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"224","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China"},{"name":"The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People\u2019s Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liangjian","family":"Kuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linhai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People\u2019s Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongjian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China"},{"name":"The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People\u2019s Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bei","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People\u2019s Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key 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